2411-3336 2541-9404 Записки Горного института Journal of Mining Institute Санкт-Петербургский горный университет императрицы Екатерины ΙΙ Empress Catherine II Saint Petersburg Mining University 10.31897/pmi.2020.1.125 pmi-4957 https://pmi.spmi.ru/pmi/article/view/4957 Геоэкология и безопасность жизнедеятельности Geoecology and occupational health and safety Biogeochemical assessment of soils and plants in industrial, residential and recreational areas of Saint Petersburg Биогеохимическая оценка состояния почвенно-растительного покрова в промышленных, селитебных и рекреационных зонах Санкт-Петербурга Pashkevich M. A. Пашкевич М. А. Pashkevich M. A. Pashkevich_MA@pers.spmi.ru Горный Университет (Россия) Saint Petersburg Mining University (Russia) Bech J. Бек Дж. Bech J. jaumebechborras@gmail.com Университет Барселоны, Барселона, Испания (Испания) University of Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain (Spain) Matveeva V. A. Матвеева В. А. Matveeva V. A. Matveeva_VA2@pers.spmi.ru Горный Университет (Россия) Saint Petersburg Mining University (Russia) Alekseenko A. V. Алексеенко А. В. Alekseenko A. V. Alekseenko_AV@pers.spmi.ru Горный Университет (Россия) Saint Petersburg Mining University (Russia) 25 02 2020 2020 241 125 130 10 01 2020 14 01 2020 25 02 2020 © M. A. Pashkevich, J. Bech, V. A. Matveeva, A. V. Alekseenko 2020 М. А. Пашкевич, Дж. Бек, В. А. Матвеева, А. В. Алексеенко M. A. Pashkevich, J. Bech, V. A. Matveeva, A. V. Alekseenko CC BY 4.0 https://pmi.spmi.ru/pmi/article/view/4957

Почвы и растения Санкт-Петербурга испытывают техногенную нагрузку, связанную с деятельностью человека в промышленных, селитебных и рекреационных зонах города. Для оценки трансформации урбаноземов различных функциональных зон в течение летних полевых сезонов 2016-2018 гг. были изучены индустриальные, жилые и парковые территории суммарной площадью свыше 7000 га, находящиеся в южной ландшафтной зоне города. В период полевых работ было отобрано 796 пар проб почвы и растений. Проведенный комплекс полевых и лабораторных исследований позволил охарактеризовать ключевые биогеохимические особенности ландшафтов, различающихся по функциональному использованию. По результатам химико-аналитических работ, выполненных в аккредитованной лаборатории, были получены сведения о концентрациях загрязняющих металлов в почвенно-растительном покрове. Интерпретация данных и расчет коэффициентов накопления элементов выявили районы с наиболее неблагоприятной экологической обстановкой. Установлено, что загрязнение окружающей среды в южных районах города привело к значительной степени физической, химической и биологической деградации почвенно-растительного покрова. В настоящее время около 10 % почв данной территории полностью утратили способность к биологическому самоочищению, что привело к нарушению их экологических функций и острой необходимости проведения рекультивационных работ.

Soils and plants of Saint Petersburg are under the constant technogenic stress caused by human activity in industrial, residential, and recreational landscapes of the city. To assess the transformed landscapes of various functional zones, we studied utility, housing, and park districts with a total area of over 7,000 hectares in the southern part of the city during the summer seasons of 2016-2018. Throughout the fieldwork period, 796 individual pairs of soil and plant samples were collected.A complex of consequent laboratory studies performed in an accredited laboratory allowed the characterization of key biogeochemical patterns of urban regolith specimens and herbage samples of various grasses. Chemical analyses provided information on the concentrations of polluting metals in soils and plants of different land use zones.Data interpretation and calculation of element accumulation factors revealed areas with the most unfavorable environmental conditions. We believe that a high pollution level in southern city districts has led to a significant degree of physical, chemical, and biological degradation of the soil and vegetation cover. As of today, approximately 10 % of the Technosols in the study area have completely lost the ability to biological self-revitalization, which results in ecosystem malfunction and the urgent need for land remediation.

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