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  <front>
    <journal-meta>
      <journal-id journal-id-type="issn">2411-3336</journal-id>
      <journal-id journal-id-type="eissn">2541-9404</journal-id>
      <journal-title-group>
        <journal-title xml:lang="ru">Записки Горного института</journal-title>
        <journal-title xml:lang="en">Journal of Mining Institute</journal-title>
      </journal-title-group>
      <publisher>
        <publisher-name xml:lang="ru">Санкт-Петербургский горный университет императрицы Екатерины ΙΙ</publisher-name>
        <publisher-name xml:lang="en">Empress Catherine II Saint Petersburg Mining University</publisher-name>
      </publisher>
    </journal-meta>
    <article-meta>
      <article-id custom-type="edn" pub-id-type="custom">IJLCCV</article-id>
      <article-id custom-type="pmi" pub-id-type="custom">pmi-16813</article-id>
      <article-id pub-id-type="uri">https://pmi.spmi.ru/pmi/article/view/16813</article-id>
      <article-categories>
        <subj-group subj-group-type="section-heading" xml:lang="ru">
          <subject>Геотехнология и инженерная геология</subject>
        </subj-group>
        <subj-group subj-group-type="section-heading" xml:lang="en">
          <subject>Geotechnical Engineering and Engineering Geology</subject>
        </subj-group>
      </article-categories>
      <title-group>
        <article-title xml:lang="en">Mechanism of microcrack zone formation in rock samples of various lithological types under triaxial stress state fracture conditions</article-title>
        <trans-title-group xml:lang="ru">
          <trans-title>Механизм формирования зон микротрещиноватости  в образцах пород различных литологических типов при разрушении в условиях объемного напряженного состояния</trans-title>
        </trans-title-group>
      </title-group>
      <contrib-group>
        <contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes">
          <name name-style="eastern">
            <surname>Trushko</surname>
            <given-names>Vladimir L.</given-names>
          </name>
          <name-alternatives>
            <name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru">
              <surname>Трушко</surname>
              <given-names>В. Л.</given-names>
            </name>
            <name name-style="western" xml:lang="en">
              <surname>Trushko</surname>
              <given-names>Vladimir L.</given-names>
            </name>
          </name-alternatives>
          <email>Trushko_VL@pers.spmi.ru</email>
          <contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">0000-0002-9742-1076</contrib-id>
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        </contrib>
        <aff-alternatives id="aff1">
          <aff>
            <institution xml:lang="ru">Санкт-Петербургский горный университет императрицы Екатерины II (Санкт-Петербург, Россия)</institution>
          </aff>
          <aff>
            <institution xml:lang="en">Empress Catherine ΙΙ Saint Petersburg Mining University (Saint Petersburg, Russia)</institution>
          </aff>
        </aff-alternatives>
        <contrib contrib-type="author">
          <name name-style="eastern">
            <surname>Ilinov</surname>
            <given-names>Mikhail D.</given-names>
          </name>
          <name-alternatives>
            <name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru">
              <surname>Ильинов</surname>
              <given-names>М. Д.</given-names>
            </name>
            <name name-style="western" xml:lang="en">
              <surname>Ilinov</surname>
              <given-names>Mikhail D.</given-names>
            </name>
          </name-alternatives>
          <email>ilinov_md@pers.spmi.ru</email>
          <contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">0009-0007-2185-8638</contrib-id>
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        <aff-alternatives id="aff2">
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            <institution xml:lang="ru">Санкт-Петербургский горный университет императрицы Екатерины II (Санкт-Петербург, Россия)</institution>
          </aff>
          <aff>
            <institution xml:lang="en">Empress Catherine ΙΙ Saint Petersburg Mining University (Saint Petersburg, Russia)</institution>
          </aff>
        </aff-alternatives>
        <contrib contrib-type="author">
          <name name-style="eastern">
            <surname>Rozanov</surname>
            <given-names>Aleksandr O.</given-names>
          </name>
          <name-alternatives>
            <name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru">
              <surname>Розанов</surname>
              <given-names>А. О.</given-names>
            </name>
            <name name-style="western" xml:lang="en">
              <surname>Rozanov</surname>
              <given-names>Aleksandr O.</given-names>
            </name>
          </name-alternatives>
          <email>Rozanov_AO@pers.spmi.ru</email>
          <contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">0009-0006-4615-0401</contrib-id>
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        </contrib>
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            <institution xml:lang="ru">Санкт-Петербургский горный университет императрицы Екатерины II (Санкт-Петербург, Россия)</institution>
          </aff>
          <aff>
            <institution xml:lang="en">Empress Catherine ΙΙ Saint Petersburg Mining University (Saint Petersburg, Russia)</institution>
          </aff>
        </aff-alternatives>
        <contrib contrib-type="author">
          <name name-style="eastern">
            <surname>Saitgaleev</surname>
            <given-names>Malik M.</given-names>
          </name>
          <name-alternatives>
            <name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru">
              <surname>Саитгалеев</surname>
              <given-names>М. М.</given-names>
            </name>
            <name name-style="western" xml:lang="en">
              <surname>Saitgaleev</surname>
              <given-names>Malik M.</given-names>
            </name>
          </name-alternatives>
          <email>Saitgaleev_MM@pers.spmi.ru</email>
          <contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">0000-0002-9859-5799</contrib-id>
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            <institution xml:lang="ru">Санкт-Петербургский горный университет императрицы Екатерины II (Санкт-Петербург, Россия)</institution>
          </aff>
          <aff>
            <institution xml:lang="en">Empress Catherine ΙΙ Saint Petersburg Mining University (Saint Petersburg, Russia)</institution>
          </aff>
        </aff-alternatives>
        <contrib contrib-type="author">
          <name name-style="eastern">
            <surname>Petrov</surname>
            <given-names>Dmitrii N.</given-names>
          </name>
          <name-alternatives>
            <name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru">
              <surname>Петров</surname>
              <given-names>Д. Н.</given-names>
            </name>
            <name name-style="western" xml:lang="en">
              <surname>Petrov</surname>
              <given-names>Dmitrii N.</given-names>
            </name>
          </name-alternatives>
          <email>Petrov_DN@pers.spmi.ru</email>
          <contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">0000-0002-5513-1871</contrib-id>
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        </contrib>
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          <aff>
            <institution xml:lang="ru">Санкт-Петербургский горный университет императрицы Екатерины II (Санкт-Петербург, Россия)</institution>
          </aff>
          <aff>
            <institution xml:lang="en">Empress Catherine ΙΙ Saint Petersburg Mining University (Saint Petersburg, Russia)</institution>
          </aff>
        </aff-alternatives>
        <contrib contrib-type="author">
          <name name-style="eastern">
            <surname>Karmanskii</surname>
            <given-names>Daniil A.</given-names>
          </name>
          <name-alternatives>
            <name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru">
              <surname>Карманский</surname>
              <given-names>Д. А.</given-names>
            </name>
            <name name-style="western" xml:lang="en">
              <surname>Karmanskii</surname>
              <given-names>Daniil A.</given-names>
            </name>
          </name-alternatives>
          <email>Karmanskiy_DA@pers.spmi.ru</email>
          <contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">0000-0002-3214-5322</contrib-id>
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            <institution xml:lang="ru">Санкт-Петербургский горный университет императрицы Екатерины II (Санкт-Петербург, Россия)</institution>
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          <aff>
            <institution xml:lang="en">Empress Catherine ΙΙ Saint Petersburg Mining University (Saint Petersburg, Russia)</institution>
          </aff>
        </aff-alternatives>
        <contrib contrib-type="author">
          <name name-style="eastern">
            <surname>Selikhov</surname>
            <given-names>Aleksandr A.</given-names>
          </name>
          <name-alternatives>
            <name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru">
              <surname>Селихов</surname>
              <given-names>А. А.</given-names>
            </name>
            <name name-style="western" xml:lang="en">
              <surname>Selikhov</surname>
              <given-names>Aleksandr A.</given-names>
            </name>
          </name-alternatives>
          <email>Selikhov_AA@pers.spmi.ru</email>
          <contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">0009-0005-8163-2249</contrib-id>
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        <aff-alternatives id="aff7">
          <aff>
            <institution xml:lang="ru">Санкт-Петербургский горный университет императрицы Екатерины II (Санкт-Петербург, Россия)</institution>
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          <aff>
            <institution xml:lang="en">Empress Catherine ΙΙ Saint Petersburg Mining University (Saint Petersburg, Russia)</institution>
          </aff>
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      <pub-date pub-type="epub" iso-8601-date="2026-02-11">
        <day>11</day>
        <month>02</month>
        <year>2026</year>
      </pub-date>
      <pub-date date-type="collection">
        <year>2026</year>
      </pub-date>
      <volume>277</volume>
      <fpage>136</fpage>
      <lpage>145</lpage>
      <history>
        <date date-type="received" iso-8601-date="2025-09-15">
          <day>15</day>
          <month>09</month>
          <year>2025</year>
        </date>
        <date date-type="accepted" iso-8601-date="2025-12-24">
          <day>24</day>
          <month>12</month>
          <year>2025</year>
        </date>
        <date date-type="rev-recd" iso-8601-date="2026-02-27">
          <day>27</day>
          <month>02</month>
          <year>2026</year>
        </date>
      </history>
      <permissions>
        <copyright-statement xml:lang="ru">© 2026 В. Л. Трушко, М. Д. Ильинов, А. О. Розанов, М. М. Саитгалеев, Д. Н. Петров, Д. А. Карманский, А. А. Селихов</copyright-statement>
        <copyright-statement xml:lang="en">© 2026 Vladimir L. Trushko, Mikhail D. Ilinov, Aleksandr O. Rozanov, Malik M. Saitgaleev, Dmitrii N. Petrov, Daniil A. Karmanskii, Aleksandr A. Selikhov</copyright-statement>
        <copyright-year>2026</copyright-year>
        <copyright-holder xml:lang="ru">В. Л. Трушко, М. Д. Ильинов, А. О. Розанов, М. М. Саитгалеев, Д. Н. Петров, Д. А. Карманский, А. А. Селихов</copyright-holder>
        <copyright-holder xml:lang="en">Vladimir L. Trushko, Mikhail D. Ilinov, Aleksandr O. Rozanov, Malik M. Saitgaleev, Dmitrii N. Petrov, Daniil A. Karmanskii, Aleksandr A. Selikhov</copyright-holder>
        <license license-type="open-access" xlink:href="http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0" xml:lang="ru">
          <license-p>Эта статья доступна по лицензии Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International (CC BY 4.0)</license-p>
        </license>
        <license license-type="open-access" xlink:href="http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0" xml:lang="en">
          <license-p>This article is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License (CC BY 4.0)</license-p>
        </license>
      </permissions>
      <self-uri xlink:type="simple" xlink:href="https://pmi.spmi.ru/pmi/article/view/16813">https://pmi.spmi.ru/pmi/article/view/16813</self-uri>
      <abstract xml:lang="ru">
        <p>Изучение механики разрушения гетерогенных пород, зарождения и развития трещин имеет практическое применение для геоконтроля и выявления зоны трещиноватости при скважинной добыче углеводородов. Рассмотрены особенности формирования зоны микротрещиноватости в зависимости от типа неоднородностей горной породы при разрушении образцов в условиях объемного напряженного состояния. Исследования проводились на сервогидравлической прессовой установке MTS 815 с интегрированной в нее системой акустической эмиссии Milne DAQ (Itasca International Company, UK). Представлены результаты разрушения образцов различных литологических типов, изготовленных из кернов постмагматических пород. Испытаны мелкозернистые образцы гнейсовой и полосчатой текстуры и крупнозернистый образец массивной текстуры. В процессе испытаний производилась регистрация акустической эмиссии (АЭ) с помощью 12 пьезокерамических датчиков. Для описания геометрии зоны трещиноватости рассчитывались координаты гипоцентров событий АЭ, затем проводился анализ конфигурации распределения гипоцентров с помощью процедуры томографии (послойное построение карт плотности событий АЭ) и определялись углы β между направлением макроразрыва и осевым напряжением σ1. С целью интерпретации эволюции разрушения рассчитывались тренды b-фактора и активности АЭ, интервалы критического поведения которых сопоставлялись с данными локации и томографии. После испытаний образцов выявлены виды их деформирования и механизм разрушения с явлением дилатансии. Установлено, что для рассмотренных типов неоднородностей образцов формируются различные структуры микротрещиноватости при одинаковых условиях объемного нагружения. В мелкозернистой породе гнейсовой текстуры образуется линейное распределение гипоцентров АЭ, указывающее на формирование микротрещиноватости вдоль направления слоистости. Для мелкозернистой породы полосчатой текстуры характерно распределение гипоцентров с образованием ярко выраженных кластеров, отражающих области наиболее интенсивного разрушения. В образце крупнозернистой массивной текстуры наблюдается объемное распределение гипоцентров с проявлением свойства дилатансии и образования обширной сети микротрещин.</p>
      </abstract>
      <abstract xml:lang="en">
        <p>Study of fracture mechanics in heterogeneous rocks, including crack initiation and propagation, has practical applications for geocontrol and identification of fracture zones in hydrocarbon well extraction. The features of microcrack zone formation depending on the type of rock heterogeneity under triaxial stress state conditions are considered. The research was conducted using an MTS 815 servo-hydraulic testing frame integrated with a Milne DAQ acoustic emission system (Itasca International Company, UK). The paper presents the fracture results of samples of various lithological types manufactured from cores of post-magmatic rocks. Fine-grained samples with gneissic and banded textures, as well as a coarse-grained sample with massive texture, were tested. During the tests, acoustic emission (AE) was recorded using 12 piezoceramic sensors. To describe the geometry of the fracture zone, the coordinates of AE event hypocenters were calculated, then the configuration of hypocenters distribution was analyzed using a tomography procedure (layer-by-layer construction of AE event density maps), and the angles β between the direction of the macrocrack and the axial stress σ1 were determined. To interpret the failure evolution, trends of the b-factor and AE activity were calculated, the intervals of critical behavior of which were correlated with the localization and tomography data. After testing the samples, the types of their deformation and the mechanism of destruction with the phenomenon of dilatation were revealed. It is established that for the considered types of sample inhomogeneities, various microcrack structures are formed under the same volumetric loading conditions. In fine-grained rock of gneissic texture, a linear distribution of AE hypocenters is formed, indicating the formation of microcracks along the direction of layering. For the fine-grained rock with banded texture, the hypocenter distribution is characterized by the formation of distinct clusters, reflecting areas of the most intensive fracturing. In the coarse-grained massive texture sample, a volumetric distribution of hypocenters is observed, manifesting dilatancy properties and the formation of an extensive microcrack network.</p>
      </abstract>
      <kwd-group xml:lang="ru">
        <title>Ключевые слова</title>
        <kwd>объемное сжатие</kwd>
        <kwd>дилатансия</kwd>
        <kwd>микротрещиноватость</kwd>
        <kwd>акустическая эмиссия</kwd>
        <kwd>механизм разрушения</kwd>
        <kwd>b-фактор</kwd>
      </kwd-group>
      <kwd-group xml:lang="en">
        <title>Keywords</title>
        <kwd>triaxial compression</kwd>
        <kwd>dilatancy</kwd>
        <kwd>microcrack</kwd>
        <kwd>acoustic emission</kwd>
        <kwd>fracture mechanism</kwd>
        <kwd>b-factor</kwd>
      </kwd-group>
      <funding-group>
        <funding-statement xml:lang="ru">Работа выполнена в рамках Государственного задания FSRW-2024-0008.</funding-statement>
        <funding-statement xml:lang="en">The work was carried out within the framework of the State assignment FSRW-2024-0008.</funding-statement>
      </funding-group>
    </article-meta>
  </front>
  <body/>
  <back>
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