<?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?>
<article xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink" xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" dtd-version="1.4" article-type="research-article">
  <front>
    <journal-meta>
      <journal-id journal-id-type="issn">2411-3336</journal-id>
      <journal-id journal-id-type="eissn">2541-9404</journal-id>
      <journal-title-group>
        <journal-title xml:lang="ru">Записки Горного института</journal-title>
        <journal-title xml:lang="en">Journal of Mining Institute</journal-title>
      </journal-title-group>
      <publisher>
        <publisher-name xml:lang="ru">Санкт-Петербургский горный университет императрицы Екатерины ΙΙ</publisher-name>
        <publisher-name xml:lang="en">Empress Catherine II Saint Petersburg Mining University</publisher-name>
      </publisher>
    </journal-meta>
    <article-meta>
      <article-id custom-type="edn" pub-id-type="custom">XPAQUN</article-id>
      <article-id custom-type="pmi" pub-id-type="custom">pmi-16796</article-id>
      <article-id pub-id-type="uri">https://pmi.spmi.ru/pmi/article/view/16796</article-id>
      <article-categories>
        <subj-group subj-group-type="section-heading" xml:lang="ru">
          <subject>Экономика сырьевых отраслей</subject>
        </subj-group>
        <subj-group subj-group-type="section-heading" xml:lang="en">
          <subject>Economic Geology</subject>
        </subj-group>
      </article-categories>
      <title-group>
        <article-title xml:lang="en">Cluster approach for industrial CO2 capture and transport: savings via shared infrastructure</article-title>
        <trans-title-group xml:lang="ru">
          <trans-title>Кластерный подход к улавливанию и транспортировке промышленного СО2: экономия за счет совместной инфраструктуры</trans-title>
        </trans-title-group>
      </title-group>
      <contrib-group>
        <contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes">
          <name name-style="eastern">
            <surname>Tsvetkov</surname>
            <given-names>Pavel S.</given-names>
          </name>
          <name-alternatives>
            <name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru">
              <surname>Цветков</surname>
              <given-names>П. С.</given-names>
            </name>
            <name name-style="western" xml:lang="en">
              <surname>Tsvetkov</surname>
              <given-names>Pavel S.</given-names>
            </name>
          </name-alternatives>
          <email>pscvetkov@yandex.ru</email>
          <contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">0000-0002-3049-7893</contrib-id>
          <xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff1"/>
        </contrib>
        <aff-alternatives id="aff1">
          <aff>
            <institution xml:lang="ru">Санкт-Петербургский горный университет императрицы Екатерины II (Санкт-Петербург, Россия)</institution>
          </aff>
          <aff>
            <institution xml:lang="en">Empress Catherine ΙΙ Saint Petersburg Mining University (Saint Petersburg, Russia)</institution>
          </aff>
        </aff-alternatives>
      </contrib-group>
      <pub-date pub-type="epub" iso-8601-date="2025-09-08">
        <day>08</day>
        <month>09</month>
        <year>2025</year>
      </pub-date>
      <pub-date date-type="collection">
        <year>2025</year>
      </pub-date>
      <volume>275</volume>
      <fpage>110</fpage>
      <lpage>129</lpage>
      <history>
        <date date-type="received" iso-8601-date="2025-06-05">
          <day>05</day>
          <month>06</month>
          <year>2025</year>
        </date>
        <date date-type="accepted" iso-8601-date="2025-08-25">
          <day>25</day>
          <month>08</month>
          <year>2025</year>
        </date>
        <date date-type="rev-recd" iso-8601-date="2025-10-31">
          <day>31</day>
          <month>10</month>
          <year>2025</year>
        </date>
      </history>
      <permissions>
        <copyright-statement xml:lang="ru">© 2025 П. С. Цветков</copyright-statement>
        <copyright-statement xml:lang="en">© 2025 Pavel S. Tsvetkov</copyright-statement>
        <copyright-year>2025</copyright-year>
        <copyright-holder xml:lang="ru">П. С. Цветков</copyright-holder>
        <copyright-holder xml:lang="en">Pavel S. Tsvetkov</copyright-holder>
        <license license-type="open-access" xlink:href="http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0" xml:lang="ru">
          <license-p>Эта статья доступна по лицензии Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International (CC BY 4.0)</license-p>
        </license>
        <license license-type="open-access" xlink:href="http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0" xml:lang="en">
          <license-p>This article is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License (CC BY 4.0)</license-p>
        </license>
      </permissions>
      <self-uri xlink:type="simple" xlink:href="https://pmi.spmi.ru/pmi/article/view/16796">https://pmi.spmi.ru/pmi/article/view/16796</self-uri>
      <abstract xml:lang="ru">
        <p>Одним из перспективных вариантов сокращения выбросов CO2 являются технологии секвестрации (CCU|S), требующие реализации капиталоемкого этапа улавливания. В данной работе предлагается использование кластерного подхода к его организации, предполагающего сокращение затрат за счет проявления эффекта масштаба при объединении стационарных источников выбросов в единую сеть с совместной инфраструктурой. Для анализа экономических эффектов такой организационной схемы была разработана модель с применением алгоритмов оптимизации (SLSQP, метод Нелдера – Мида и др.), учитывающая пространственные характеристики источников, объемы выбросов и парциальное давление СО2 в газовых потоках. Апробация модели осуществлялась на основе информации о 533 российских промышленных предприятиях энергетической и цементной отраслей, а также черной металлургии с совокупными годовыми выбросами более 0,5 млрд т СО2. Для предварительного анализа пространственных и технологических данных этих предприятий была разработана методика (на основе алгоритма DBSCAN), позволившая выделить 94 географические области их концентрации. Информация о промышленных предприятиях, формирующих шесть крупнейших областей, была использована для моделирования 90 конфигураций проектов улавливания и транспортировки СО2 с совместной инфраструктурой. Результаты показали, что в рассмотренных примерах кластерный подход позволил сократить затраты на улавливание на 6,44-13,51 % в зависимости от максимального радиуса кластера. Дополнительное сокращение транспортных затрат за счет использования общих газопроводов составило в среднем 37,26 и 57,01 % при дальности доставки 200 и 500 км соответственно. При этой же дальности и максимальном радиусе кластера не менее 20 км среднее сокращение совокупных затрат по рассмотренным конфигурациям составило 17,81 %. Полученные результаты подтверждают значимость организационных решений для масштабирования проектов CCU|S и формирования новых межотраслевых технологических цепочек. Предложенные подходы могут использоваться для выбора перспективных зон реализации пилотных проектов CCU|S и планирования высокоэффективных локальных сетей улавливания и транспортировки СО2 с совместной инфраструктурой.</p>
      </abstract>
      <abstract xml:lang="en">
        <p>One promising avenue for reducing CO2 emissions is through the use of carbon capture, utilization, and storage (CCU|S) technologies, which necessitate capital-intensive capture stage implementation. This study proposes implementing a cluster-based approach to its organization, which enables cost reduction through economies of scale achieved by integrating stationary emission sources into a single network with a shared infrastructure. To evaluate the economic effects of this organizational framework, an optimization model was developed utilizing algorithms (SLSQP, Nelder – Mead method, etc.) that account for: spatial distribution of emission sources, emission volumes, CO2 partial pressure in flue gas streams. The model was tested using data from 533 Russian industrial enterprises in the energy, cement, and ferrous metallurgy sectors, with aggregate annual emissions exceeding 0.5 billion tons of CO2. For a preliminary analysis of the spatial and technological data of these enterprises, a methodical approach was developed (based on the DBSCAN algorithm), which made it possible to identify 94 geographical areas of their increased concentration. Information about industrial enterprises forming six largest regions was utilized for modeling 90 configurations of carbon capture and transportation projects with shared infrastructure. The results demonstrated that the cluster-based approach reduced the cost of capture in the considered examples by 6.44-13.51 %, depending on the maximum radius of a cluster. An additional reduction in transportation costs due to the use of joint gas pipelines averaged 37.26 and 57.01 % for a 200 and 500 km distances, respectively. Under the same distances and with a maximum cluster radius of no less than 20 km, the average reduction in aggregate costs across the evaluated configurations amounted to 17.81 %. The results obtained confirm the importance of organizational solutions for scaling up CCU|S projects and establishing novel cross-sectoral technological chains. The proposed methodologies can be effectively employed to identify promising areas for the implementation of CCU|S pilot projects and to design highly efficient local networks for CO2 capture and transportation with shared infrastructure.</p>
      </abstract>
      <kwd-group xml:lang="ru">
        <title>Ключевые слова</title>
        <kwd>улавливание CO2</kwd>
        <kwd>улавливание после сжигания</kwd>
        <kwd>транспортировка CO2</kwd>
        <kwd>совместная инфраструктура</kwd>
        <kwd>кластер</kwd>
        <kwd>SLSQP</kwd>
        <kwd>метод Нелдера – Мида</kwd>
        <kwd>выбросы CO2</kwd>
        <kwd>выбросы углекислого газа</kwd>
        <kwd>секвестрация CO2</kwd>
        <kwd>низкоуглеродное развитие</kwd>
        <kwd>выбросы парниковых газов</kwd>
        <kwd>декарбонизация</kwd>
        <kwd>CCS</kwd>
        <kwd>CCUS</kwd>
        <kwd>CCU</kwd>
      </kwd-group>
      <kwd-group xml:lang="en">
        <title>Keywords</title>
        <kwd>CO2 capture</kwd>
        <kwd>post-combustion capture</kwd>
        <kwd>CO2 transportation</kwd>
        <kwd>shared infrastructure</kwd>
        <kwd>cluster</kwd>
        <kwd>SLSQP</kwd>
        <kwd>Nelder – Mead method</kwd>
        <kwd>CO2 emissions</kwd>
        <kwd>carbon dioxide emissions</kwd>
        <kwd>CO2 sequestration</kwd>
        <kwd>low-carbon development</kwd>
        <kwd>greenhouse gas emissions</kwd>
        <kwd>decarbonization</kwd>
        <kwd>CCS</kwd>
        <kwd>CCUS</kwd>
        <kwd>CCU</kwd>
      </kwd-group>
    </article-meta>
  </front>
  <body/>
  <back>
    <ref-list>
      <ref id="ref1">
        <label>1</label>
        <mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Tsvetkov P., Andreichyk A. The Analysis of Goals, Results, and Trends in Global Climate Policy Through the Lens of Regulatory Documents and Macroeconomics // Sustainability. 2025. Vol. 17. Iss. 10. № 4532. DOI: 10.3390/su17104532</mixed-citation>
        <mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Tsvetkov P., Andreichyk A. The Analysis of Goals, Results, and Trends in Global Climate Policy Through the Lens of Regulatory Documents and Macroeconomics. Sustainability. 2025. Vol. 17. Iss. 10. N 4532. DOI: 10.3390/su17104532</mixed-citation>
      </ref>
      <ref id="ref2">
        <label>2</label>
        <mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">ÓhAiseadha C., Quinn G., Connolly R. et al. Energy and Climate Policy – An Evaluation of Global Climate Change Expenditure 2011–2018 // Energies. 2020. Vol. 13. Iss. 18. № 4839. DOI: 10.3390/en13184839</mixed-citation>
        <mixed-citation xml:lang="en">ÓhAiseadha C., Quinn G., Connolly R. et al. Energy and Climate Policy – An Evaluation of Global Climate Change Expenditure 2011-2018. Energies. 2020. Vol. 13. Iss. 18. N 4839. DOI: 10.3390/en13184839</mixed-citation>
      </ref>
      <ref id="ref3">
        <label>3</label>
        <mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Belsky A.A., Ngyen V.T., Sheikhi M.H., Starshaia V.V. Analysis of specifications of bifacial photovoltaic panels // Renewable and Sustainable Energy Reviews. 2025. Vol. 224. № 116092. DOI: 10.1016/j.rser.2025.116092</mixed-citation>
        <mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Belsky A.A., Ngyen V.T., Sheikhi M.H., Starshaia V.V. Analysis of specifications of bifacial photovoltaic panels. Renewable and Sustainable Energy Reviews. 2025. Vol. 224. N 116092. DOI: 10.1016/j.rser.2025.116092</mixed-citation>
      </ref>
      <ref id="ref4">
        <label>4</label>
        <mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Tcvetkov P. Climate Policy Imbalance in the Energy Sector: Time to Focus on the Value of CO2 Utilization // Energies. 2021. Vol. 14. Iss. 2. № 411. DOI: 10.3390/en14020411</mixed-citation>
        <mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Tcvetkov P. Climate Policy Imbalance in the Energy Sector: Time to Focus on the Value of CO2 Utilization. Energies. 2021. Vol. 14. Iss. 2. N 411. DOI: 10.3390/en14020411</mixed-citation>
      </ref>
      <ref id="ref5">
        <label>5</label>
        <mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Bashmakov I.A., Nilsson L.J., Acquaye A. et al. Industry // Climate Change 2022: Mitigation of Climate Change. Contribution of Working Group III to the Sixth Assessment Report of the Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change. Cambridge University Press, 2022. P. 1161-1243. DOI: 10.1017/9781009157926.013</mixed-citation>
        <mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Bashmakov I.A., Nilsson L.J., Acquaye A. et al. Industry. Climate Change 2022: Mitigation of Climate Change. Contribution of Working Group III to the Sixth Assessment Report of the Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change. Cambridge University Press, 2022, p. 1161-1243. DOI: 10.1017/9781009157926.013</mixed-citation>
      </ref>
      <ref id="ref6">
        <label>6</label>
        <mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Makarov I. Does resource abundance require special approaches to climate policies? The case of Russia // Climatic Change. 2022. Vol. 170. Iss. 1-2. № 3. DOI: 10.1007/s10584-021-03280-0</mixed-citation>
        <mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Makarov I. Does resource abundance require special approaches to climate policies? The case of Russia. Climatic Change. 2022. Vol. 170. Iss. 1-2. N 3. DOI: 10.1007/s10584-021-03280-0</mixed-citation>
      </ref>
      <ref id="ref7">
        <label>7</label>
        <mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Башмаков И.А. Повышение энергоэффективности в российских зданиях: прогноз до 2050 года. Вопросы экономики. 2016. № 3. С. 75-98. DOI: 10.32609/0042-8736-2016-3-75-98</mixed-citation>
        <mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Bashmakov I. Improving the Energy Efficiency of Russian Buildings: Forecast to 2050. Problems of Economic Transition. 2016. Vol. 58. Iss. 11-12. P. 1096-1128. DOI: 10.1080/10611991.2016.1316099</mixed-citation>
      </ref>
      <ref id="ref8">
        <label>8</label>
        <mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Rzazade U., Deryabin S., Temkin I. et al. On the Issue of the Creation and Functioning of Energy Efficiency Management Systems for Technological Processes of Mining Enterprises // Energies. 2023. Vol. 16. Iss. 13. № 4878. DOI: 10.3390/en16134878</mixed-citation>
        <mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Rzazade U., Deryabin S., Temkin I. et al. On the Issue of the Creation and Functioning of Energy Efficiency Management Systems for Technological Processes of Mining Enterprises. Energies. 2023. Vol. 16. Iss. 13. N 4878. DOI: 10.3390/en16134878</mixed-citation>
      </ref>
      <ref id="ref9">
        <label>9</label>
        <mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Zhukovskiy Y., Koshenkova A., Vorobeva V. et al. Assessment of the Impact of Technological Development and Scenario Forecasting of the Sustainable Development of the Fuel and Energy Complex // Energies. 2023. Vol. 16. Iss. 7. № 3185. DOI: 10.3390/en16073185</mixed-citation>
        <mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Zhukovskiy Y., Koshenkova A., Vorobeva V. et al. Assessment of the Impact of Technological Development and Scenario Forecasting of the Sustainable Development of the Fuel and Energy Complex. Energies. 2023. Vol. 16. Iss. 7. N 3185. DOI: 10.3390/en16073185</mixed-citation>
      </ref>
      <ref id="ref10">
        <label>10</label>
        <mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Mashhadi Rajabi M. Dilemmas of energy efficiency: A systematic review of the rebound effect and attempts to curb energy consumption // Energy Research &amp; Social Science. 2022. Vol. 89. № 102661. DOI: 10.1016/j.erss.2022.102661</mixed-citation>
        <mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Mashhadi Rajabi M. Dilemmas of energy efficiency: A systematic review of the rebound effect and attempts to curb energy consumption. Energy Research &amp; Social Science. 2022. Vol. 89. N 102661. DOI: 10.1016/j.erss.2022.102661</mixed-citation>
      </ref>
      <ref id="ref11">
        <label>11</label>
        <mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Широв А.А., Колпаков А.Ю. Целевой сценарий социально-экономического развития России с низким уровнем нетто-выбросов парниковых газов до 2060 года // Проблемы прогнозирования. 2023. № 6. С. 53-66. DOI: 10.47711/0868-6351-201-53-66</mixed-citation>
        <mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Shirov A.A., Kolpakov A.Yu. Target Scenario of Low Greenhouse Gas Emissions Socio-Economic Development of Russia for the Period until 2060. Studies on Russian Economic Development. 2023. Vol. 34. N 6, p. 758-768. DOI: 10.1134/S1075700723060151 </mixed-citation>
      </ref>
      <ref id="ref12">
        <label>12</label>
        <mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Litvinenko V. The Role of Hydrocarbons in the Global Energy Agenda: The Focus on Liquefied Natural Gas // Resources. 2020. Vol. 9. Iss. 5. № 59. DOI: 10.3390/resources9050059</mixed-citation>
        <mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Litvinenko V. The Role of Hydrocarbons in the Global Energy Agenda: The Focus on Liquefied Natural Gas. Resources. 2020. Vol. 9. Iss. 5. N 59. DOI: 10.3390/resources9050059</mixed-citation>
      </ref>
      <ref id="ref13">
        <label>13</label>
        <mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Череповицын А.Е. Экономико-социальные аспекты развития технологий захвата и захоронения СО2 в нефтегазовом комплексе России // Записки Горного института. 2015. Т. 211. С. 125-130.</mixed-citation>
        <mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Cherepovitcyn A.E. Economic and social aspects of CO2 capture and storage technologies development in the oil and gas complex of Russia. Journal of Mining Institute. 2015. Vol. 211, p. 125-130 (in Russian).</mixed-citation>
      </ref>
      <ref id="ref14">
        <label>14</label>
        <mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Порфирьев Б.Н., Широв А.А., Колпаков А.Ю., Единак Е.А. Возможности и риски политики климатического регулирования в России // Вопросы экономики. 2022. № 1. С. 72-89. DOI: 10.32609/0042-8736-2022-1-72-89</mixed-citation>
        <mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Porfiriev B.N., Shirov A.A., Kolpakov A.Y., Edinak E.A. Opportunities and risks of the climate policy in Russia. Voprosy ekonomiki. 2022. N 1, p. 72-89 (in Russian). DOI: 10.32609/0042-8736-2022-1-72-89</mixed-citation>
      </ref>
      <ref id="ref15">
        <label>15</label>
        <mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Pal M., Karaliūtė V., Malik S. Exploring the Potential of Carbon Capture, Utilization, and Storage in Baltic Sea Region Countries: A Review of CCUS Patents from 2000 to 2022 // Processes. 2023. Vol. 11. Iss. 2. № 605. DOI: 10.3390/pr11020605</mixed-citation>
        <mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Pal M., Karaliūtė V., Malik S. Exploring the Potential of Carbon Capture, Utilization, and Storage in Baltic Sea Region Countries: A Review of CCUS Patents from 2000 to 2022. Processes. 2023. Vol. 11. Iss. 2. N 605. DOI: 10.3390/pr11020605</mixed-citation>
      </ref>
      <ref id="ref16">
        <label>16</label>
        <mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Cherepovitsyna A., Kuznetsova E., Popov A., Skobelev D. Carbon Capture and Utilization Projects Run by Oil and Gas Companies: A Case Study from Russia // Sustainability. 2024. Vol. 16. Iss. 14. № 6221. DOI: 10.3390/su16146221</mixed-citation>
        <mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Cherepovitsyna A., Kuznetsova E., Popov A., Skobelev D. Carbon Capture and Utilization Projects Run by Oil and Gas Companies: A Case Study from Russia. Sustainability. 2024. Vol. 16. Iss. 14. N 6221. DOI: 10.3390/su16146221</mixed-citation>
      </ref>
      <ref id="ref17">
        <label>17</label>
        <mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Пасечник Л.А., Пягай И.Н., Скачков В.М., Яценко С.П. Извлечение редких элементов из отвального шлама глиноземного производства с использованием отходящих газов печей спекания // Экология и промышленность России. 2013. № 6. С. 36-38. DOI: 10.18412/1816-0395-2013-6-36-38</mixed-citation>
        <mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Pasechnik L.A., Pigai I.N., Skachkov V.M., Yatsenko S.P. Extraction of Rare Elements from Residual Sludge of Alumina Production with the Use of Flue Gas of Sintering Kilns. Ecology and Industry of Russia. 2013. N 6, p. 36-38 (in Russian). DOI: 10.18412/1816-0395-2013-6-36-38</mixed-citation>
      </ref>
      <ref id="ref18">
        <label>18</label>
        <mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Tcvetkov P., Cherepovitsyn A., Fedoseev S. The Changing Role of CO2 in the Transition to a Circular Economy: Review of Carbon Sequestration Projects // Sustainability. 2019. Vol. 11. Iss. 20. № 5834. DOI: 10.3390/su11205834</mixed-citation>
        <mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Tcvetkov P., Cherepovitsyn A., Fedoseev S. The Changing Role of CO2 in the Transition to a Circular Economy: Review of Carbon Sequestration Projects. Sustainability. 2019. Vol. 11. Iss. 20. N 5834. DOI: 10.3390/su11205834</mixed-citation>
      </ref>
      <ref id="ref19">
        <label>19</label>
        <mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Ваганов Е.А., Порфирьев Б.Н., Широв А.А. и др. Оценка вклада российских лесов в снижение рисков климатических изменений // Экономика региона. 2021. Т. 17. № 4. С. 1096-1109. DOI: 10.17059/ekon.reg.2021-4-4</mixed-citation>
        <mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Vaganov E.A., Porfiryev B.N., Shirov A.A. et al. Assessment of the contribution of Russian forests to climate change mitigation. Economy of Region. 2021. Vol. 17. N 4, p. 1096-1109. DOI: 10.17059/ekon.reg.2021-4-4</mixed-citation>
      </ref>
      <ref id="ref20">
        <label>20</label>
        <mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Roussanaly S., Berghout N., Fout T. et al. Towards improved cost evaluation of Carbon Capture and Storage from industry // International Journal of Greenhouse Gas Control. 2021. Vol. 106. № 103263. DOI: 10.1016/j.ijggc.2021.103263</mixed-citation>
        <mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Roussanaly S., Berghout N., Fout T. et al. Towards improved cost evaluation of Carbon Capture and Storage from industry. International Journal of Greenhouse Gas Control. 2021. Vol. 106. N 103263. DOI: 10.1016/j.ijggc.2021.103263</mixed-citation>
      </ref>
      <ref id="ref21">
        <label>21</label>
        <mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Brandl P., Bui M., Hallett J.P., Mac Dowell N. Beyond 90% capture: Possible, but at what cost? // International Journal of Greenhouse Gas Control. 2021. Vol. 105. № 103239. DOI: 10.1016/j.ijggc.2020.103239</mixed-citation>
        <mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Brandl P., Bui M., Hallett J.P., Mac Dowell N. Beyond 90 % capture: Possible, but at what cost? International Journal of Greenhouse Gas Control. 2021. Vol. 105. N 103239. DOI: 10.1016/j.ijggc.2020.103239</mixed-citation>
      </ref>
      <ref id="ref22">
        <label>22</label>
        <mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Kearns D., Liu H., Consoli C. Technology Readiness and Costs of CCS. Global CCS Institute, 2021. 49 p.</mixed-citation>
        <mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Kearns D., Liu H., Consoli C. Technology Readiness and Costs of CCS. Global CCS Institute, 2021, p. 49. </mixed-citation>
      </ref>
      <ref id="ref23">
        <label>23</label>
        <mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Технологии улавливания, полезного использования и хранения двуокиси углерода (CCUS) / Под ред. А.Осипцова, И.Гайды. Сколковский институт науки и технологий, 2022. 79 с.</mixed-citation>
        <mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Technologies for carbon dioxide capture, useful use and storage (CCUS). Ed. by A.Osiptsova, I.Gaidy. Skolkovskii institut nauki i tekhnologii, 2022, p. 79 (in Russian).</mixed-citation>
      </ref>
      <ref id="ref24">
        <label>24</label>
        <mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Wan Yun Hong. A techno-economic review on carbon capture, utilisation and storage systems for achieving a net-zero CO2 emissions future // Carbon Capture Science &amp; Technology. 2022. Vol. 3. № 100044. DOI: 10.1016/j.ccst.2022.100044</mixed-citation>
        <mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Wan Yun Hong. A techno-economic review on carbon capture, utilisation and storage systems for achieving a net-zero CO2 emissions future. Carbon Capture Science &amp; Technology. 2022. Vol. 3. N 100044. DOI: 10.1016/j.ccst.2022.100044</mixed-citation>
      </ref>
      <ref id="ref25">
        <label>25</label>
        <mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Geweda A.E., Zayed M.E., Khan M.Y., Alquaity A.B.S. Mitigating CO2 emissions: A review on emerging technologies/strategies for CO2 capture // Journal of the Energy Institute. 2025. Vol. 118. № 101911. DOI: 10.1016/j.joei.2024.101911</mixed-citation>
        <mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Geweda A.E., Zayed M.E., Khan M.Y., Alquaity A.B.S. Mitigating CO2 emissions: A review on emerging technologies/strategies for CO2 capture. Journal of the Energy Institute. 2025. Vol. 118. N 101911. DOI: 10.1016/j.joei.2024.101911</mixed-citation>
      </ref>
      <ref id="ref26">
        <label>26</label>
        <mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Newman A.J.K., Dowson G.R.M., Platt E.G. et al. Custodians of carbon: creating a circular carbon economy // Frontiers in Energy Research. 2023. Vol. 11. № 1124072. DOI: 10.3389/fenrg.2023.1124072</mixed-citation>
        <mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Newman A.J.K., Dowson G.R.M., Platt E.G. et al. Custodians of carbon: creating a circular carbon economy. Frontiers in Energy Research. 2023. Vol. 11. N 1124072. DOI: 10.3389/fenrg.2023.1124072</mixed-citation>
      </ref>
      <ref id="ref27">
        <label>27</label>
        <mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Dowson G.R.M., Reed D.G., Bellas J.-M. et al. Fast and selective separation of carbon dioxide from dilute streams by pressure swing adsorption using solid ionic liquids // Faraday Discussions. 2016. Vol. 192. P. 511-527. DOI: 10.1039/C6FD00035E</mixed-citation>
        <mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Dowson G.R.M., Reed D.G., Bellas J.-M. et al. Fast and selective separation of carbon dioxide from dilute streams by pressure swing adsorption using solid ionic liquids. Faraday Discussions. 2016. Vol. 192, p. 511-527. DOI: 10.1039/C6FD00035E</mixed-citation>
      </ref>
      <ref id="ref28">
        <label>28</label>
        <mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Geissdoerfer M., Vladimirova D., Evans S. Sustainable business model innovation: A review // Journal of Cleaner Production. 2018. Vol. 198. P. 401-416. DOI: 10.1016/j.jclepro.2018.06.240</mixed-citation>
        <mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Geissdoerfer M., Vladimirova D., Evans S. Sustainable business model innovation: A review. Journal of Cleaner Production. 2018. Vol. 198, p. 401-416. DOI: 10.1016/j.jclepro.2018.06.240</mixed-citation>
      </ref>
      <ref id="ref29">
        <label>29</label>
        <mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Osterwalder A., Pigneur Y. Business Model Generation: A Handbook for Visionaries, Game Changers, and Challengers. Wiley, 2010. 288 p.</mixed-citation>
        <mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Osterwalder A., Pigneur Y. Business Model Generation: A Handbook for Visionaries, Game Changers, and Challengers. Wiley, 2010, p. 288.</mixed-citation>
      </ref>
      <ref id="ref30">
        <label>30</label>
        <mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Nevskaya M., Shabalova A., Kosovtseva T., Nikolaychuk L. Applications of simulation modeling in mining project risk management: criteria, algorithm, evaluation // Journal of Infrastructure, Policy and Development. 2024. Vol. 8. № 8. № 5375. DOI: 10.24294/jipd.v8i8.5375</mixed-citation>
        <mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Nevskaya M., Shabalova A., Kosovtseva T., Nikolaychuk L. Applications of simulation modeling in mining project risk management: criteria, algorithm, evaluation. Journal of Infrastructure, Policy and Development. 2024. Vol. 8. N 8. N 5375. DOI: 10.24294/jipd.v8i8.5375</mixed-citation>
      </ref>
      <ref id="ref31">
        <label>31</label>
        <mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Пономаренко Т.В., Горбатюк И.Г., Череповицын А.Е. Промышленные кластеры как организационная форма развития нефтегазохимической отрасли России // Записки Горного института. 2024. Т. 270. С. 1024-1037.</mixed-citation>
        <mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Ponomarenko T.V., Gorbatyuk I.G., Cherepovitsyn A.E. Industrial clusters as an organizational model for the development of Russia petrochemical industry. Journal of Mining Institute. 2024. Vol. 270, p. 1024-1037.</mixed-citation>
      </ref>
      <ref id="ref32">
        <label>32</label>
        <mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Яшалова Н.Н., Потравный И.М. Инструменты обеспечения углеродной нейтральности в российском угольном бизнесе // Уголь. 2023. № 10 (1172). С. 66-71. DOI: 10.18796/0041-5790-2023-10-66-71</mixed-citation>
        <mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Yashalova N.N., Potravny I.M. Tools to ensure carbon neutrality in the Russian coal business. Ugol. 2023. N 10 (1172), p. 66-71 (in Russian). DOI: 10.18796/0041-5790-2023-10-66-71</mixed-citation>
      </ref>
      <ref id="ref33">
        <label>33</label>
        <mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Barlow H., Shahi S.S.M., Kearns D.T. Advancements in CCS technologies and costs. Global CCS Institute, 2025. 65 p.</mixed-citation>
        <mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Barlow H., Shahi S.S.M., Kearns D.T. Advancements in CCS technologies and costs. Global CCS Institute, 2025, p. 65. </mixed-citation>
      </ref>
      <ref id="ref34">
        <label>34</label>
        <mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Свидетельство о государственной регистрации программы для ЭВМ № 2025617009 РФ. Программа для определения параметров кластеров улавливания CO2, состоящих из стационарных промышленных источников выбросов / П.С.Цветков. Опубл. 20.03.2025. Бюл. № 3.</mixed-citation>
        <mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Tsvetkov P.S. Software Certificate of State Registration N 2025617009 (Russian Federation). Program for determining parameters of clusters for CO2 capture from stationary industrial emission sources. Publ. 20.03.2025. Bul. N 3 (in Russian).</mixed-citation>
      </ref>
      <ref id="ref35">
        <label>35</label>
        <mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Литвиненко В.С., Петров Е.И., Василевская Д.В. и др. Оценка роли государства в управлении минеральными ресурсами // Записки Горного института. 2023. Т. 259. С. 95-111. DOI: 10.31897/PMI.2022.100</mixed-citation>
        <mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Litvinenko V.S., Petrov E.I., Vasilevskaya D.V. et al. Assessment of the role of the state in the management of mineral resources. Journal of Mining Institute. 2023. Vol. 259, p. 95-111. DOI: 10.31897/PMI.2022.100</mixed-citation>
      </ref>
      <ref id="ref36">
        <label>36</label>
        <mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Cuihong Chen, Ruochong Xu, Dan Tong et al. A striking growth of CO2 emissions from the global cement industry driven by new facilities in emerging countries // Environmental Research Letters. 2022. Vol. 17. № 4. № 044007. DOI: 10.1088/1748-9326/ac48b5</mixed-citation>
        <mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Cuihong Chen, Ruochong Xu, Dan Tong et al. A striking growth of CO2 emissions from the global cement industry driven by new facilities in emerging countries. Environmental Research Letters. 2022. Vol. 17. N 4. N 044007. DOI: 10.1088/1748-9326/ac48b5</mixed-citation>
      </ref>
      <ref id="ref37">
        <label>37</label>
        <mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Xinying Qin, Dan Tong, Fei Liu et al. Global and Regional Drivers of Power Plant CO2 Emissions Over the Last Three Decades Revealed From Unit-Based Database // Earth’s Future. 2022. Vol. 10. Iss. 10. № e2022EF002657. DOI: 10.1029/2022EF002657</mixed-citation>
        <mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Xinying Qin, Dan Tong, Fei Liu et al. Global and Regional Drivers of Power Plant CO2 Emissions Over the Last Three Decades Revealed From Unit-Based Database. Earth’s Future. 2022. Vol. 10. Iss. 10. N e2022EF002657. DOI: 10.1029/2022EF002657</mixed-citation>
      </ref>
      <ref id="ref38">
        <label>38</label>
        <mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Ruochong Xu, Dan Tong, Davis S.J. et al. Plant-by-plant decarbonization strategies for the global steel industry // Nature Climate Change. 2023. Vol. 13. № 10. P. 1067-1074. DOI: 10.1038/s41558-023-01808-z</mixed-citation>
        <mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Ruochong Xu, Dan Tong, Davis S.J. et al. Plant-by-plant decarbonization strategies for the global steel industry. Nature Climate Change. 2023. Vol. 13. N 10, p. 1067-1074. DOI: 10.1038/s41558-023-01808-z</mixed-citation>
      </ref>
      <ref id="ref39">
        <label>39</label>
        <mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Свидетельство о государственной регистрации программы для ЭВМ № 2025662463 РФ. Программа для автоматизированного поиска территорий, перспективных с точки зрения организации кластеров улавливания CO2 / П.С. Цветков. Опубл. 21.05.2025. Бюл. № 6.</mixed-citation>
        <mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Tsvetkov P.S. Software Certificate of State Registration N 2025662463 (Russian Federation). A program for the automated prospecting of territories suitable for the establishment of CO2 capture clusters. Publ. 21.05.2025. Bul. N 6.</mixed-citation>
      </ref>
      <ref id="ref40">
        <label>40</label>
        <mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Tcvetkov P., Cherepovitsyn A., Fedoseev S. Public perception of carbon capture and storage: A state-of-the-art overview // Heliyon. 2019. Vol. 5. Iss. 12. № e02845. DOI: 10.1016/j.heliyon.2019.e02845</mixed-citation>
        <mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Tcvetkov P., Cherepovitsyn A., Fedoseev S. Public perception of carbon capture and storage: A state-of-the-art overview. Heliyon. 2019. Vol. 5. Iss. 12. N e02845. DOI: 10.1016/j.heliyon.2019.e02845</mixed-citation>
      </ref>
      <ref id="ref41">
        <label>41</label>
        <mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Порфирьев Б.Н., Бобылев С.Н. Города и мегаполисы: проблема дефиниций и индикаторы устойчивого развития // Проблемы прогнозирования. 2018. № 2. С. 14-23.</mixed-citation>
        <mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Porfiryev B.N., Bobylev S.N. Cities and Megalopolises: The Problem of Definitions and Sustainable Development Indicators. Studies on Russian Economic Development. 2018. Vol. 29. N 2, p. 116-123. DOI: 10.1134/S1075700718020119</mixed-citation>
      </ref>
      <ref id="ref42">
        <label>42</label>
        <mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Kumar P. Climate Change and Cities: Challenges Ahead // Frontiers in Sustainable Cities. 2021. Vol. 3. № 645613. DOI: 10.3389/frsc.2021.645613</mixed-citation>
        <mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Kumar P. Climate Change and Cities: Challenges Ahead. Frontiers in Sustainable Cities. 2021. Vol. 3. N 645613. DOI: 10.3389/frsc.2021.645613</mixed-citation>
      </ref>
      <ref id="ref43">
        <label>43</label>
        <mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Gunawan T.A., Gittoes L., Isaac C. et al. Design Insights for Industrial CO2 Capture, Transport, and Storage Systems // Environmental Science &amp; Technology. 2024. Vol. 58. Iss. 33. P. 14608-14617. DOI: 10.1021/acs.est.4c05484</mixed-citation>
        <mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Gunawan T.A., Gittoes L., Isaac C. et al. Design Insights for Industrial CO2 Capture, Transport, and Storage Systems. Environmental Science &amp; Technology. 2024. Vol. 58. Iss. 33, p. 14608-14617. DOI: 10.1021/acs.est.4c05484</mixed-citation>
      </ref>
      <ref id="ref44">
        <label>44</label>
        <mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Gunawan T.A., Hongxi Luo, Greig C., Larson E. Shared СО2 capture, transport, and storage for decarbonizing industrial clusters // Applied Energy. 2024. Vol. 359. № 122775. DOI: 10.1016/j.apenergy.2024.122775</mixed-citation>
        <mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Gunawan T.A., Hongxi Luo, Greig C., Larson E. Shared СО2 capture, transport, and storage for decarbonizing industrial clusters. Applied Energy. 2024. Vol. 359. N 122775. DOI: 10.1016/j.apenergy.2024.122775</mixed-citation>
      </ref>
      <ref id="ref45">
        <label>45</label>
        <mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Middleton R.S., Yaw S.P., Hoover B.A., Ellett K.M. SimCCS: An open-source tool for optimizing CO2 capture, transport, and storage infrastructure // Environmental Modelling &amp; Software. 2020. Vol. 124. № 104560. DOI: 10.1016/j.envsoft.2019.104560</mixed-citation>
        <mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Middleton R.S., Yaw S.P., Hoover B.A., Ellett K.M. SimCCS: An open-source tool for optimizing CO2 capture, transport, and storage infrastructure. Environmental Modelling &amp; Software. 2020. Vol. 124. N 104560. DOI: 10.1016/j.envsoft.2019.104560</mixed-citation>
      </ref>
    </ref-list>
  </back>
</article>
