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    <journal-meta>
      <journal-id journal-id-type="issn">2411-3336</journal-id>
      <journal-id journal-id-type="eissn">2541-9404</journal-id>
      <journal-title-group>
        <journal-title xml:lang="ru">Записки Горного института</journal-title>
        <journal-title xml:lang="en">Journal of Mining Institute</journal-title>
      </journal-title-group>
      <publisher>
        <publisher-name xml:lang="ru">Санкт-Петербургский горный университет императрицы Екатерины ΙΙ</publisher-name>
        <publisher-name xml:lang="en">Empress Catherine II Saint Petersburg Mining University</publisher-name>
      </publisher>
    </journal-meta>
    <article-meta>
      <article-id custom-type="edn" pub-id-type="custom">MMURAV</article-id>
      <article-id custom-type="pmi" pub-id-type="custom">pmi-16731</article-id>
      <article-id pub-id-type="uri">https://pmi.spmi.ru/pmi/article/view/16731</article-id>
      <article-categories>
        <subj-group subj-group-type="section-heading" xml:lang="ru">
          <subject>Геотехнология и инженерная геология</subject>
        </subj-group>
        <subj-group subj-group-type="section-heading" xml:lang="en">
          <subject>Geotechnical Engineering and Engineering Geology</subject>
        </subj-group>
      </article-categories>
      <title-group>
        <article-title xml:lang="en">Oxidation kinetics of tetravalent uranium during sulfuric-acid leaching intensification under in-situ recovery conditions</article-title>
        <trans-title-group xml:lang="ru">
          <trans-title>Кинетика окисления четырехвалентного урана при интенсификации сернокислотного выщелачивания в условиях скважинной добычи</trans-title>
        </trans-title-group>
      </title-group>
      <contrib-group>
        <contrib contrib-type="author">
          <name name-style="eastern">
            <surname>Seitov</surname>
            <given-names>Zhanibek </given-names>
          </name>
          <name-alternatives>
            <name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru">
              <surname>Сеитов</surname>
              <given-names>Ж. </given-names>
            </name>
            <name name-style="western" xml:lang="en">
              <surname>Seitov</surname>
              <given-names>Zhanibek </given-names>
            </name>
          </name-alternatives>
          <email>zhanibek.seitov@mail.ru</email>
          <contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">0000-0001-8686-7606</contrib-id>
          <xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff1"/>
        </contrib>
        <aff-alternatives id="aff1">
          <aff>
            <institution xml:lang="ru">Казахский национальный исследовательский технический университет имени К.И.Сатпаева (Алматы, Казахстан)</institution>
          </aff>
          <aff>
            <institution xml:lang="en">Satbayev University (Almaty, Kazakhstan)</institution>
          </aff>
        </aff-alternatives>
        <contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes">
          <name name-style="eastern">
            <surname>Toktaruly</surname>
            <given-names>Bakytzhan </given-names>
          </name>
          <name-alternatives>
            <name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru">
              <surname>Токтарулы</surname>
              <given-names>Б. </given-names>
            </name>
            <name name-style="western" xml:lang="en">
              <surname>Toktaruly</surname>
              <given-names>Bakytzhan </given-names>
            </name>
          </name-alternatives>
          <email>b.toktaruly@satbayev.university</email>
          <contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">0000-0002-4880-2606</contrib-id>
          <xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff2"/>
        </contrib>
        <aff-alternatives id="aff2">
          <aff>
            <institution xml:lang="ru">Казахский национальный исследовательский технический университет имени К.И.Сатпаева (Алматы, Казахстан)</institution>
          </aff>
          <aff>
            <institution xml:lang="en">Satbayev University (Almaty, Kazakhstan)</institution>
          </aff>
        </aff-alternatives>
        <contrib contrib-type="author">
          <name name-style="eastern">
            <surname>Kenzhetayev</surname>
            <given-names>Zhiger </given-names>
          </name>
          <name-alternatives>
            <name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru">
              <surname>Кенжетаев</surname>
              <given-names>Ж. </given-names>
            </name>
            <name name-style="western" xml:lang="en">
              <surname>Kenzhetayev</surname>
              <given-names>Zhiger </given-names>
            </name>
          </name-alternatives>
          <email>kzhiger@yahoo.com</email>
          <contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">0000-0003-2009-6655</contrib-id>
          <xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff3"/>
        </contrib>
        <aff-alternatives id="aff3">
          <aff>
            <institution xml:lang="ru">ТОО «Институт высоких технологий» (Алматы, Казахстан)</institution>
          </aff>
          <aff>
            <institution xml:lang="en">Institute of High Technologies LLP (Almaty, Kazakhstan)</institution>
          </aff>
        </aff-alternatives>
        <contrib contrib-type="author">
          <name name-style="eastern">
            <surname>Altaibayev</surname>
            <given-names>Bagdat </given-names>
          </name>
          <name-alternatives>
            <name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru">
              <surname>Алтайбаев</surname>
              <given-names>Б. </given-names>
            </name>
            <name name-style="western" xml:lang="en">
              <surname>Altaibayev</surname>
              <given-names>Bagdat </given-names>
            </name>
          </name-alternatives>
          <email>bagdat777_87@mail.ru</email>
          <contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">0000-0002-7405-6854</contrib-id>
          <xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff4"/>
        </contrib>
        <aff-alternatives id="aff4">
          <aff>
            <institution xml:lang="ru">ТОО «Институт высоких технологий» (Алматы, Казахстан)</institution>
          </aff>
          <aff>
            <institution xml:lang="en">Institute of High Technologies LLP (Almaty, Kazakhstan)</institution>
          </aff>
        </aff-alternatives>
      </contrib-group>
      <pub-date pub-type="epub" iso-8601-date="2026-06-10">
        <day>10</day>
        <month>06</month>
        <year>2026</year>
      </pub-date>
      <pub-date date-type="collection">
        <year>2026</year>
      </pub-date>
      <volume>279</volume>
      <fpage>98</fpage>
      <lpage>111</lpage>
      <history>
        <date date-type="received" iso-8601-date="2025-04-16">
          <day>16</day>
          <month>04</month>
          <year>2025</year>
        </date>
        <date date-type="accepted" iso-8601-date="2025-12-24">
          <day>24</day>
          <month>12</month>
          <year>2025</year>
        </date>
        <date date-type="rev-recd" iso-8601-date="2026-05-30">
          <day>30</day>
          <month>05</month>
          <year>2026</year>
        </date>
      </history>
      <permissions>
        <copyright-statement xml:lang="ru">© 2026 Ж.  Сеитов, Б.  Токтарулы, Ж.  Кенжетаев, Б.  Алтайбаев</copyright-statement>
        <copyright-statement xml:lang="en">© 2026 Zhanibek  Seitov, Bakytzhan  Toktaruly, Zhiger  Kenzhetayev, Bagdat  Altaibayev</copyright-statement>
        <copyright-year>2026</copyright-year>
        <copyright-holder xml:lang="ru">Ж.  Сеитов, Б.  Токтарулы, Ж.  Кенжетаев, Б.  Алтайбаев</copyright-holder>
        <copyright-holder xml:lang="en">Zhanibek  Seitov, Bakytzhan  Toktaruly, Zhiger  Kenzhetayev, Bagdat  Altaibayev</copyright-holder>
        <license license-type="open-access" xlink:href="http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0" xml:lang="ru">
          <license-p>Эта статья доступна по лицензии Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International (CC BY 4.0)</license-p>
        </license>
        <license license-type="open-access" xlink:href="http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0" xml:lang="en">
          <license-p>This article is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License (CC BY 4.0)</license-p>
        </license>
      </permissions>
      <self-uri xlink:type="simple" xlink:href="https://pmi.spmi.ru/pmi/article/view/16731">https://pmi.spmi.ru/pmi/article/view/16731</self-uri>
      <abstract xml:lang="ru">
        <p>В статье исследовано влияние окислительно-восстановительных процессов на эффективность извлечения урана методом подземного выщелачивания (ПСВ). Особое внимание уделено роли кислорода и железа в реакциях. Проведен анализ стандартных окислительно-восстановительных потенциалов ионов, участвующих в реакциях. Подробно изучены процессы окисления железа (II) до железа (III) и их влияние на растворимость урана в кислой среде. В экспериментальной части исследована насыщаемость выщелачивающих растворов кислородом с использованием трубки Вентури. Результаты показали, что оптимизация условий окислительно-восстановительных реакций существенно повышает эффективность ПСВ. Кислород, являясь доступным и эффективным окислителем, способствует окислению железа (II) до железа (III), что увеличивает растворимость соединений урана. Экспериментально определена оптимальная скорость потока раствора, обеспечивающая максимальную степень растворения кислорода. Применение трубки Вентури значительно повысило степень насыщения раствора кислородом, что привело к увеличению концентрации железа (III) и, как следствие, к улучшению выщелачивания урана. Разработанная технология позволила достичь увеличения извлечения урана на 38,13 % по сравнению с традиционными методами. Проведенное исследование подтверждает роль окислительно-восстановительных процессов в гидрометаллургии урана и обосновывает необходимость их оптимизации для повышения промышленной эффективности извлечения урана. Трубка Вентури, встроенная в кислый циркуляционный контур без подачи внешних окислителей, за счет роста окисления Fe2+ до Fe3+ обеспечивает устойчивое повышение Eh, достаточное для перехода U(IV) → U(VI). В работе количественно показаны рост О2 на ~60-70 %, повышение Eh на ~30-80 мВ и увеличение растворенного U.</p>
      </abstract>
      <abstract xml:lang="en">
        <p>The paper examines how redox phenomena govern the recovery of uranium by in-situ recovery (ISR) technology, with particular emphasis on the role of oxygen and iron in the controlling reactions. A review is presented of the standard electrode potentials of the ionic species participating in the process, followed by a detailed examination of the conversion of Fe(II) to Fe(III) and its effect on uranium dissolution in acidic media. The experimental section addresses the oxygenation of acidic lixiviants through a Venturi-type nozzle. The findings demonstrate that tuning the redox conditions markedly enhances the productivity of ISR. Atmospheric oxygen, owing to its availability and cost efficiency, drives the Fe(II) → Fe(III) transition and thereby raises the solubility of uranium-bearing species. Through experiment, the flow velocity providing the maximum oxygen dissolution was identified. Incorporation of the Venturi nozzle substantially increased the dissolved-oxygen content of the lixiviant, which in turn raised the Fe(III) concentration and improved uranium recovery. The proposed approach yielded a 38.13 % increase in uranium extraction relative to the conventional procedure. The work confirms the importance of redox processes in uranium hydrometallurgy and justifies the need to optimize them for industrial gains. A Venturi nozzle embedded in an acidic recirculation loop, operated without any externally supplied oxidant, sustains an Eh elevation sufficient for the U(IV) → U(VI) transition through enhanced oxidation of Fe2+ to Fe3+. The study quantitatively documents a ~60-70 % rise in dissolved O2, an Eh increment of ~30-80 mV, and a corresponding gain in dissolved uranium.</p>
      </abstract>
      <kwd-group xml:lang="ru">
        <title>Ключевые слова</title>
        <kwd>выщелачивание урана</kwd>
        <kwd>подземное выщелачивание</kwd>
        <kwd>окислительно-восстановительные процессы</kwd>
        <kwd>ионы железа (III)</kwd>
        <kwd>насыщение кислородом</kwd>
        <kwd>трубка Вентури</kwd>
      </kwd-group>
      <kwd-group xml:lang="en">
        <title>Keywords</title>
        <kwd>uranium leaching</kwd>
        <kwd>in-situ recovery</kwd>
        <kwd>redox processes</kwd>
        <kwd>ferric ions (III)</kwd>
        <kwd>oxygen saturation</kwd>
        <kwd>Venturi nozzle</kwd>
      </kwd-group>
      <funding-group>
        <funding-statement xml:lang="ru">Исследование выполнено при финансовой поддержке Комитета науки Министерства образования и науки Республики Казахстан (грант № AP 22685351).</funding-statement>
        <funding-statement xml:lang="en">The work was carried out with the financial support of the Committee of Science of the Ministry of Education and Science of the Republic of Kazakhstan (grant N AP 22685351).</funding-statement>
      </funding-group>
    </article-meta>
  </front>
  <body/>
  <back>
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