2411-3336 2541-9404 Записки Горного института Journal of Mining Institute Санкт-Петербургский горный университет императрицы Екатерины ΙΙ Empress Catherine II Saint Petersburg Mining University WITMPB pmi-16623 https://pmi.spmi.ru/pmi/article/view/16623 Геотехнология и инженерная геология Geotechnical Engineering and Engineering Geology Constructed Floating Wetlands – a phytotechnology for wastewater treatment: application experience and prospects Плавающие биоплато Constructed Floating Wetlands – фитотехнология для очистки сточных вод: опыт применения и перспективы использования Ivanova Lyubov A. Иванова Л. А. Ivanova Lyubov A. ivanova_la@inbox.ru 0000-0002-7994-5431 Полярно-альпийский ботанический сад-институт им. Н.А.Аврорина ФИЦ КНЦ РАН (Кировск, Россия) Polar-Alpine Botanical Garden-Institute of N.A.Avrorin, Federal Research Centre, Kola Science Centre of the RAS (Kirovsk, Russia) Krasavtseva Evgeniya A. Красавцева Е. А. Krasavtseva Evgeniya A. vandeleur2012@yandex.ru 0000-0002-8821-4446 Институт проблем промышленной экологии Севера КНЦ РАН (Апатиты, Россия) Institute of North Industrial Ecology Problems, Kola Science Centre of the RAS (Apatity, Russia) Gorbacheva Tamara T. Горбачева Т. Т. Gorbacheva Tamara T. podzol_gorby@mail.ru 0000-0001-5014-4385 Институт проблем промышленной экологии Севера КНЦ РАН (Апатиты, Россия) Institute of North Industrial Ecology Problems, Kola Science Centre of the RAS (Apatity, Russia) 21 11 2025 2026 277 167 180 04 12 2024 16 07 2025 27 02 2026 © 2025 Л. А. Иванова, Е. А. Красавцева, Т. Т. Горбачева © 2025 Lyubov A. Ivanova, Evgeniya A. Krasavtseva, Tamara T. Gorbacheva 2025 Л. А. Иванова, Е. А. Красавцева, Т. Т. Горбачева Lyubov A. Ivanova, Evgeniya A. Krasavtseva, Tamara T. Gorbacheva Эта статья доступна по лицензии Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International (CC BY 4.0) This article is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License (CC BY 4.0) https://pmi.spmi.ru/pmi/article/view/16623

Статья посвящена активно развивающемуся направлению очистки сточных вод – Constructed Floating Wetlands (CFW, плавающие биоплато). Освещены история создания и опыт эксплуатации CFW в России и за рубежом. Описаны конструкции и предпочтительные составы субстратов и растений для создания фитомодулей. Особое внимание уделено применению природных минералов и выбору местных видов растений-макрофитов. Технология CFW пригодна для очистки разных типов сточных вод, включая неорганические стоки горно-промышленных предприятий. Рассмотрены результаты применения фитотехнологии для очистки сточных вод от загрязняющих веществ (общий азот и фосфор, органические вещества, взвешенные частицы, тяжелые металлы, сульфаты, бор и др.). Показан положительный опыт использования CFW для кислотных дренажных стоков, наиболее сложных для применения фитотехнологий. Выявлены факторы, влияющие на эффективность удаления загрязнителей – глубина водоема, скорость потока, площадь покрытия, аэрация, температура. Представлены способы повышения глубины очистки вод при пониженных температурах. Отмечено положительное влияние плавающих биоплато на состояние водоемов, в которых они размещаются. Приведены стоимостные оценки применения технологии CFW для очистки сточных вод. Даны рекомендации, основанные на опыте внедрения технологии на пруде-отстойнике горно-промышленного предприятия Мурманской обл.

The article is devoted to the actively developing area of wastewater treatment – Constructed Floating Wetlands (CFW, floating bioplatforms). The paper explores the creation history and operational experience of CFW in Russia and abroad. It describes the designs and preferred compositions of substrates and plants for creating phytomodules, paying special attention to the use of natural minerals and the selection of local macrophyte plant species. The CFW technology is suitable for treating various types of wastewater, including inorganic effluents from mining enterprises. The research examines the results of applying phytotechnology for wastewater treatment for pollutants (total nitrogen and phosphorus, organic matter, suspended particles, heavy metals, sulphates, boron, etc.). The article shows successful practices of using CFW for acidic drainage effluents, which are the most challenging for phytotechnology application. The study identifies key factors affecting pollutant removal efficiency – water depth, flow rate, coverage area, aeration, and temperature. The research presents methods to enhance the depth of water treatment at low temperatures. It also notes the positive impact of floating bioplatforms on the condition of water bodies where they are located. The study provides cost estimates for applying CFW technology for wastewater treatment and gives recommendations based on the experience of implementing the technology at a settling pond of a mining enterprise in the Murmansk Region.

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