2411-3336 2541-9404 Записки Горного института Journal of Mining Institute Санкт-Петербургский горный университет императрицы Екатерины ΙΙ Empress Catherine II Saint Petersburg Mining University YKPEDU pmi-16597 https://pmi.spmi.ru/pmi/article/view/16597 Геотехнология и инженерная геология Geotechnical Engineering and Engineering Geology Experience of using low- and medium-frequency ground penetrating radars to study the internal structure of a glacier and the bedrock topography in the Schirmacher Oasis area, East Antarctica Опыт применения низко- и среднечастотных георадаров для изучения внутреннего строения ледника и рельефа подстилающих горных пород в районе Оазиса Ширмахера, Восточная Антарктида Kashkevich Marina P. Кашкевич М. П. Kashkevich Marina P. m.kashkevich@spbu.ru 0000-0002-3600-5570 Санкт-Петербургский государственный университет (Санкт-Петербург, Россия) Saint Petersburg State University (Saint Petersburg, Russia) Boronina Alina S. Боронина А. С. Boronina Alina S. al.b.s@yandex.ru 0000-0002-3486-5243 Санкт-Петербургский государственный университет (Санкт-Петербург, Россия) Saint Petersburg State University (Saint Petersburg, Russia) Mikhailov Evgenii M. Михайлов Е. М. Mikhailov Evgenii M. mixailovevgeniy2000@mail.ru 0009-0006-9841-4886 Всероссийский научно-исследовательский геологический институт им. А.П. Карпинского (Санкт-Петербург, Россия) All-Russian Geological Research Institute of A.P. Karpinsky (Saint Petersburg, Russia) Popov Sergey V. Попов С. В. Popov Sergey V. s.popov@spbu.ru 0000-0002-1830-8658 ВНИИОкеангеология (Санкт-Петербург, Россия) VNIIOkeangeologia (Saint Petersburg, Russia) 02 06 2025 2025 273 94 107 15 10 2024 10 04 2025 07 07 2025 © 2025 М. П. Кашкевич, А. С. Боронина, Е. М. Михайлов, С. В. Попов © 2025 Marina P. Kashkevich, Alina S. Boronina, Evgenii M. Mikhailov, Sergey V. Popov 2025 М. П. Кашкевич, А. С. Боронина, Е. М. Михайлов, С. В. Попов Marina P. Kashkevich, Alina S. Boronina, Evgenii M. Mikhailov, Sergey V. Popov Эта статья доступна по лицензии Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International (CC BY 4.0) This article is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License (CC BY 4.0) https://pmi.spmi.ru/pmi/article/view/16597

В ходе экспедиционных исследований 2023-2024 гг. в условиях развития мощного покровного ледника Антарктиды впервые были опробованы усовершенствованные и адаптированные для исследования ледников средне- и низкочастотные георадары ОКО-3 с антенной 150 МГц и Тритон-М с раздвижной антенной 25-50-100 МГц (ООО «ЛОГИС», Россия). На примере исследования ледникового покрова в районе Оазиса Ширмахера показано, что георадар ОКО-3 позволяет получать детальную информацию о внутреннем строении ледникового покрова до глубин около 200 м и успешно решать задачи гляциостратиграфии. Георадар Тритон-М хорошо зарекомендовал себя для картирования кровли подстилающих горных пород до глубин 250-300 м. В статье представлены новые материалы о структуре ледника в районе посадочной площадки станции Новолазаревская, а также сведения о мощности ледника и рельефе подледного скального основания вблизи Оазиса Ширмахера (районы станций Новолазаревская и Майтри). Характерными структурами ледниковый толщи этого района являются пологозалегающие слои, а также сменяющие их крутые складки, осложненные трещинами. Подледный рельеф к югу от оазиса достаточно пологий. Отдельные поднятия и впадины в высоту не превышали 30 м. Граница между льдом и скальным основанием зарегистрирована на протяжении 4,5 км к югу от оазиса. На востоке, примерно в километре от последнего скального обнажения, оазис ограничен резким понижением ложа. Новые данные открывают возможность построения моделей покровного ледника, изучения его динамики и эволюции, установления закономерностей в формировании трещин.

During the expeditionary research of 2023-2024 in the conditions of thick Antarctic ice sheet, the medium- and low-frequency ground penetrating radars (GPR) OKO-3 with a 150 MHz antenna and Triton-M with an extendable 25-50-100 MHz antenna (LOGIS LLC, Russia) improved and adapted for glacier investigations were tested for the first time. An example of the ice sheet study in the Schirmacher Oasis area showed that the OKO-3 GPR allows obtaining detailed information on the internal structure of the ice sheet to depths of about 200 m and successfully solving glacial stratigraphy issues. The Triton-M GPR has proven itself well for mapping the roof of underlying rocks to depths of 250-300 m. The article presents new data on the glacier structure in the Novo Runway area, as well as information on the glacier thickness and the subglacial rock base topography near the Schirmacher Oasis (Novolazarevskaya and Maitri stations). Typical structures of the glacier strata in this area are gently sloping layers and steep folds that replace them, complicated by crevasses. The subglacial topography to the south of the oasis is quite gentle. Individual uplifts and depressions do not exceed 30 m. The interface between the ice and the rock base was recorded over a distance of 4.5 km to the south of the oasis. In the east, about a kilometre from the last rock outcrop, the oasis is limited by a sharp depression in the bed. New data opens up the possibility of constructing the ice sheet models, studying its dynamics and evolution, and finding patterns in the crevasse formation.

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