2411-3336 2541-9404 Записки Горного института Journal of Mining Institute Санкт-Петербургский горный университет императрицы Екатерины ΙΙ Empress Catherine II Saint Petersburg Mining University UZCCHP pmi-16594 https://pmi.spmi.ru/pmi/article/view/16594 Геология Geology Early stages of ocean formation between Australia and Antarctica Ранние этапы формирования океана между Австралией и Антарктидой Sergeeva Vanda M. Сергеева В. М. Sergeeva Vanda M. wanda@list.ru 0009-0009-4431-9543 ВНИИОкеангеология (Санкт-Петербург, Россия) VNIIOkeangeologia (Saint Petersburg, Russia) Leitchenkov German L. Лейченков Г. Л. Leitchenkov German L. german_l@mail.ru 0000-0001-6316-8511 ВНИИОкеангеология (Санкт-Петербург, Россия) VNIIOkeangeologia (Saint Petersburg, Russia) 23 06 2025 2025 273 5 14 07 10 2024 10 04 2025 07 07 2025 © 2025 В. М. Сергеева, Г. Л. Лейченков © 2025 Vanda M. Sergeeva, German L. Leitchenkov 2025 В. М. Сергеева, Г. Л. Лейченков Vanda M. Sergeeva, German L. Leitchenkov Эта статья доступна по лицензии Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International (CC BY 4.0) This article is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License (CC BY 4.0) https://pmi.spmi.ru/pmi/article/view/16594

В статье рассматриваются геодинамические реконструкции Австралии и Антарктиды (с использованием программы GPlates) на период 79, 68-61, 48, 44 и 40 млн лет назад, основанные на сопоставлении сопряженных одновозрастных магнитных аномалий. Актуальность исследования определяется возросшим научным интересом к проблемам распада Гондваны и влияния тектоники литосферных блоков на процессы рифтогенеза и океанического раскрытия. Ранняя стадия океанического раскрытия между Австралией и Антарктидой характеризуется последовательностью отчетливых линейных магнитных аномалий. Океанический спрединг происходил в ультрамедленном и медленном режиме со скоростями 20-26 мм/год между аномалиями 33o и 21y (80-48 млн лет назад) и 40 мм/год между аномалиями 21y и 18o (48-40 млн лет назад). Согласно проведенным исследованиям наблюдается отчетливая корреляция между изменением скорости спрединга и положением полюсов вращения. В период между 80 и 48 млн лет назад полюс вращения находился на западе, в районе плато Кергелен, и Австралия смещалась на запад относительно Антарктиды. Около 48 млн лет назад скорость спрединга морского дна увеличилась почти вдвое (с ультрамедленного до медленного), и Австралия начала мигрировать на север. Полюс вращения располагался у южного края Тасмании и продолжал двигаться на юго-восток к Тихому океану. Разделение Австралии и Антарктиды было связано с продвижением осей спрединга из Индийского и Тихого океанов навстречу друг к другу с ортогональным пересечением древних литосферных блоков двух континентов и определялось геометрией окраинных рифтовых структур.

The paper deals with geodynamic reconstructions of Australia and Antarctica (using the GPlates program) 79, 68-61, 48, 44, and 40 Ma based on the comparison of conjugate single-age magnetic anomalies. The relevance of the present study is determined by the increased scientific interest in the problems of Gondwana break-up and the influence of lithospheric block tectonics on the processes of riftogenesis and ocean opening. The early stage of oceanic opening between Australia and Antarctica is characterised by a series of distinct linear magnetic anomalies. Oceanic spreading occurred in an ultra-slow to slow regime with rates of 20-26 mm/year between 33o and 21u anomalies (80-48 Ma) and 40 mm/year between 21u and 18o anomalies (48-40 Ma). According to the studies, there is a clear correlation between the change in spreading rate and the position of the rotation poles. Between 80 and 48 Ma, the rotation pole was located to the west, in the Kerguelen Plateau region, and Australia shifted westward relative to Antarctica. About 48 million years ago, the rate of seafloor spreading almost doubled (from ultra-slow to slow), and Australia began to migrate northwards. The rotation pole was near the southern edge of Tasmania and continued to move southeast towards the Pacific Ocean. The separation of Australia and Antarctica was associated with the advance of the spreading axes of the Indian and Pacific oceans towards each other, with orthogonal inter-section of the ancient lithospheric blocks of the two continents, and was determined by the geometry of the marginal rift structures.

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