2411-3336 2541-9404 Записки Горного института Journal of Mining Institute Санкт-Петербургский горный университет императрицы Екатерины ΙΙ Empress Catherine II Saint Petersburg Mining University HWCPDC pmi-16363 https://pmi.spmi.ru/pmi/article/view/16363 Геотехнология и инженерная геология Geotechnical Engineering and Engineering Geology Physico-chemical aspects and carbon footprint of hydrogen production from water and hydrocarbons Физико-химические аспекты и углеродный след получения водорода из воды и углеводородов Maksimov Anton L. Максимов А. Л. Maksimov Anton L. max@ips.ac.ru 0000-0001-9297-4950 Институт нефтехимического синтеза им. А.В.Топчиева РАН (Москва, Россия) A.V.Topchiev Institute of Petrochemical Synthesis, RAS (Moscow, Russia) Ishkov Aleksandr G. Ишков А. Г. Ishkov Aleksandr G. A.lshkov@adm.gazprom.ru 0009-0008-1452-6130 ПАО «Газпром» (Санкт-Петербург, Россия) PAO Gazprom (Saint Petersburg, Russia) Pimenov Andrei A. Пименов А. А. Pimenov Andrei A. Pimenov.AA@gazprom-neft.ru 0000-0001-8923-2550 ТатНИПИнефть ПАО «Татнефть» (Казань, Россия) Tatar Oil Research and Design Institute (TatNIPIneft) of PAO TATNEFT (Kazan, Russia) Romanov Konstantin V. Романов К. В. Romanov Konstantin V. k.romanov@adm.gazprom.ru 0009-0004-9130-1155 ПАО «Газпром» (Санкт-Петербург, Россия) PAO Gazprom (Saint Petersburg, Russia) Mikhailov Andrei M. Михайлов А. М. Mikhailov Andrei M. A_Mikhaylov@vniigaz.gazprom.ru 0009-0001-9884-4329 ООО «Газпром ВНИИГАЗ» (Санкт-Петербург, Россия) OOO Gazprom VNIIGAZ (Saint Petersburg, Russia) Koloshkin Evgenii A. Колошкин Е. А. Koloshkin Evgenii A. e.a.koloshkin@adm.gazprom.ru 0009-0008-6718-9959 ПАО «Газпром» (Санкт-Петербург, Россия) PAO Gazprom (Saint Petersburg, Russia) 29 02 2024 2024 265 87 94 27 11 2023 27 12 2023 29 02 2024 © Anton L. Maksimov, Aleksandr G. Ishkov, Andrei A. Pimenov, Konstantin V. Romanov, Andrei M. Mikhailov, Evgenii A. Koloshkin 2024 А. Л. Максимов, А. Г. Ишков, А. А. Пименов, К. В. Романов, А. М. Михайлов, Е. А. Колошкин Anton L. Maksimov, Aleksandr G. Ishkov, Andrei A. Pimenov, Konstantin V. Romanov, Andrei M. Mikhailov, Evgenii A. Koloshkin CC BY 4.0 https://pmi.spmi.ru/pmi/article/view/16363

Физико-химические аспекты определяют эффективность и конкурентоспособность технологий производства водорода. Особенно актуален показатель водопотребления, так как вода является одним из основных источников водорода практически во всех методах его производства. В статье на основе опубликованных исследований и фактических данных производственных установок проанализированы сравнительные показатели водопотребления для различных технологий. Объем водопотребления зависит от качества исходной воды, что необходимо учитывать при реализации водородных проектов в целях минимизации негативного воздействия на окружающую среду. На основе действующей промышленной установки продемонстрирован материальный баланс производства водорода паровым риформингом, что позволило определить долю водорода (48,88 %), получаемую из воды. В настоящее время большую значимость приобретает показатель углеродного следа, отражающий выбросы парниковых газов по всей производственной цепочке. По результатам оценки суммарных выбросов парниковых газов производства водорода паровым риформингом (около 10,03 кг CO2-экв/кг H2) определен углеродный след водорода из воды (4,2-4,5 кг CO2-экв/кг H2) и водорода из метана (15,4-15,7 кг CO2-экв/кг H2). Следовательно, почти половина водорода, получаемого методом парового риформинга, производится из воды, соответствует показателям «низкоуглеродного» водорода и может рассматриваться как «возобновляемый» водород. Для принятия управленческих решений необходима объективная оценка водорода с точки зрения затрат энергии и воды на основе системного анализа, так как с развитием водородной энергетики и ростом объемов общемирового производства водорода влияние указанных показателей на круговорот воды и мировые водные ресурсы будет увеличиваться.

Physico-chemical aspects determine the efficiency and competitiveness of hydrogen production technologies. The indicator of water consumption is especially relevant, since water is one of the main sources of hydrogen in almost all methods of its production. The article analyzes comparative water consumption indicators for various technologies based on published research and actual data from production plants. The volume of water consumption depends on the quality of the source water, which should be taken into account when implementing hydrogen projects in order to minimize the negative impact on the environment. Based on the operating industrial plant, the material balance of hydrogen production by steam reforming was demonstrated, which made it possible to determine the proportion of hydrogen (48.88 %) obtained from water. Currently, the carbon footprint indicator is becoming more important, reflecting greenhouse gas emissions throughout the production chain. According to the results of the total greenhouse gas emissions assessment for hydrogen production by steam reforming (about 10.03 kg CO2-eq/kg H2), the carbon footprint of hydrogen from water (4.2-4.5 kg CO2-eq/kg H2) and hydrogen from methane (15.4-15.7 kg CO2-eq/kg H2) has been determined. Consequently, almost half of the hydrogen produced by steam reforming is produced from water, corresponds to the indicators of “low-carbon” hydrogen and can be considered as “renewable” hydrogen. To make management decisions, an objective assessment in terms of energy and water costs is necessary based on a system analysis by the development of hydrogen energy and the growth of global hydrogen production. The impact of these indicators on the water cycle and global water resources will increase.

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