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  <front>
    <journal-meta>
      <journal-id journal-id-type="issn">2411-3336</journal-id>
      <journal-id journal-id-type="eissn">2541-9404</journal-id>
      <journal-title-group>
        <journal-title xml:lang="ru">Записки Горного института</journal-title>
        <journal-title xml:lang="en">Journal of Mining Institute</journal-title>
      </journal-title-group>
      <publisher>
        <publisher-name xml:lang="ru">Санкт-Петербургский горный университет императрицы Екатерины ΙΙ</publisher-name>
        <publisher-name xml:lang="en">Empress Catherine II Saint Petersburg Mining University</publisher-name>
      </publisher>
    </journal-meta>
    <article-meta>
      <article-id custom-type="edn" pub-id-type="custom">PJVEY</article-id>
      <article-id custom-type="pmi" pub-id-type="custom">pmi-16339</article-id>
      <article-id pub-id-type="uri">https://pmi.spmi.ru/pmi/article/view/16339</article-id>
      <article-categories>
        <subj-group subj-group-type="section-heading" xml:lang="ru">
          <subject>Геотехнология и инженерная геология</subject>
        </subj-group>
        <subj-group subj-group-type="section-heading" xml:lang="en">
          <subject>Geotechnical Engineering and Engineering Geology</subject>
        </subj-group>
      </article-categories>
      <title-group>
        <article-title xml:lang="en">Mercury contamination of sediments at Indonesia Ciujung watershed: contribution of artisanal small-scale gold mining</article-title>
        <trans-title-group xml:lang="ru">
          <trans-title>Загрязнение ртутью речных отложений водораздела реки Сиухунь в Индонезии: вклад кустарной мелкомасштабной добычи золота</trans-title>
        </trans-title-group>
      </title-group>
      <contrib-group>
        <contrib contrib-type="author">
          <name name-style="eastern">
            <surname>Nugraha</surname>
            <given-names>Willy C.</given-names>
          </name>
          <name-alternatives>
            <name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru">
              <surname>Нуграха</surname>
              <given-names>Вилли К.</given-names>
            </name>
            <name name-style="western" xml:lang="en">
              <surname>Nugraha</surname>
              <given-names>Willy C.</given-names>
            </name>
          </name-alternatives>
          <email>will003@lipi.go.id</email>
          <contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">0000-0003-1542-6701</contrib-id>
          <xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff1"/>
        </contrib>
        <aff-alternatives id="aff1">
          <aff>
            <institution xml:lang="ru">Исследовательский центр экологии и чистого производства (Южный Тангеранг, Индонезия)</institution>
          </aff>
          <aff>
            <institution xml:lang="en">Research Center for Environmental and Clean Production (South Tangerang, Indonesia)</institution>
          </aff>
        </aff-alternatives>
        <contrib contrib-type="author">
          <name name-style="eastern">
            <surname>Jeong</surname>
            <given-names>Huiho </given-names>
          </name>
          <name-alternatives>
            <name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru">
              <surname>Чон</surname>
              <given-names>Хуйхо </given-names>
            </name>
            <name name-style="western" xml:lang="en">
              <surname>Jeong</surname>
              <given-names>Huiho </given-names>
            </name>
          </name-alternatives>
          <email>huiho5334@gmail.com</email>
          <contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">0000-0003-1987-1386</contrib-id>
          <xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff2"/>
        </contrib>
        <aff-alternatives id="aff2">
          <aff>
            <institution xml:lang="ru">Префектурный университет Кумамото (Кумамото, Япония)</institution>
          </aff>
          <aff>
            <institution xml:lang="en">Prefectural University of Kumamoto (Kumamoto, Japan)</institution>
          </aff>
        </aff-alternatives>
        <contrib contrib-type="author">
          <name name-style="eastern">
            <surname>Quang</surname>
            <given-names>Phan Dinh</given-names>
          </name>
          <name-alternatives>
            <name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru">
              <surname>Куан</surname>
              <given-names>Фан Динь</given-names>
            </name>
            <name name-style="western" xml:lang="en">
              <surname>Quang</surname>
              <given-names>Phan Dinh</given-names>
            </name>
          </name-alternatives>
          <email>phandinhquang@vnniosh.vn</email>
          <contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">0000-0002-4553-5581</contrib-id>
          <xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff3"/>
        </contrib>
        <aff-alternatives id="aff3">
          <aff>
            <institution xml:lang="ru">Префектурный университет Кумамото (Кумамото, Япония)</institution>
          </aff>
          <aff>
            <institution xml:lang="en">Prefectural University of Kumamoto (Kumamoto, Japan)</institution>
          </aff>
        </aff-alternatives>
        <contrib contrib-type="author">
          <name name-style="eastern">
            <surname>Novirsa</surname>
            <given-names>Randy </given-names>
          </name>
          <name-alternatives>
            <name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru">
              <surname>Новирса</surname>
              <given-names>Рэнди </given-names>
            </name>
            <name name-style="western" xml:lang="en">
              <surname>Novirsa</surname>
              <given-names>Randy </given-names>
            </name>
          </name-alternatives>
          <email>randynovirsa@ph.unand.ac.id</email>
          <contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">0000-0003-0477-1067</contrib-id>
          <xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff4"/>
        </contrib>
        <aff-alternatives id="aff4">
          <aff>
            <institution xml:lang="ru">Префектурный университет Кумамото (Кумамото, Япония)</institution>
          </aff>
          <aff>
            <institution xml:lang="en">Prefectural University of Kumamoto (Kumamoto, Japan)</institution>
          </aff>
        </aff-alternatives>
        <contrib contrib-type="author">
          <name name-style="eastern">
            <surname>Komorita</surname>
            <given-names>Tomohiro </given-names>
          </name>
          <name-alternatives>
            <name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru">
              <surname>Коморита</surname>
              <given-names>Томохиро </given-names>
            </name>
            <name name-style="western" xml:lang="en">
              <surname>Komorita</surname>
              <given-names>Tomohiro </given-names>
            </name>
          </name-alternatives>
          <email>komorita@pu-kumamoto.ac.jp</email>
          <contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">0000-0002-9469-5602</contrib-id>
          <xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff5"/>
        </contrib>
        <aff-alternatives id="aff5">
          <aff>
            <institution xml:lang="ru">Префектурный университет Кумамото (Кумамото, Япония)</institution>
          </aff>
          <aff>
            <institution xml:lang="en">Prefectural University of Kumamoto (Kumamoto, Japan)</institution>
          </aff>
        </aff-alternatives>
        <contrib contrib-type="author">
          <name name-style="eastern">
            <surname>Yasuhiro</surname>
            <given-names>Ishibashi </given-names>
          </name>
          <name-alternatives>
            <name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru">
              <surname>Исибаси</surname>
              <given-names>Ясухиро </given-names>
            </name>
            <name name-style="western" xml:lang="en">
              <surname>Yasuhiro</surname>
              <given-names>Ishibashi </given-names>
            </name>
          </name-alternatives>
          <email>yisibasi@pu-kumamoto.ac.jp</email>
          <contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">0000-0002-2610-0849</contrib-id>
          <xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff6"/>
        </contrib>
        <aff-alternatives id="aff6">
          <aff>
            <institution xml:lang="ru">Префектурный университет Кумамото (Кумамото, Япония)</institution>
          </aff>
          <aff>
            <institution xml:lang="en">Prefectural University of Kumamoto (Kumamoto, Japan)</institution>
          </aff>
        </aff-alternatives>
        <contrib contrib-type="author">
          <name name-style="eastern">
            <surname>Kobayashi</surname>
            <given-names>Jun </given-names>
          </name>
          <name-alternatives>
            <name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru">
              <surname>Кобаяси</surname>
              <given-names>Дзюн </given-names>
            </name>
            <name name-style="western" xml:lang="en">
              <surname>Kobayashi</surname>
              <given-names>Jun </given-names>
            </name>
          </name-alternatives>
          <email>jkobayashi@pu-kumamoto.ac.jp</email>
          <contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">0000-0003-0493-6386</contrib-id>
          <xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff7"/>
        </contrib>
        <aff-alternatives id="aff7">
          <aff>
            <institution xml:lang="ru">Префектурный университет Кумамото (Кумамото, Япония)</institution>
          </aff>
          <aff>
            <institution xml:lang="en">Prefectural University of Kumamoto (Kumamoto, Japan)</institution>
          </aff>
        </aff-alternatives>
        <contrib contrib-type="author">
          <name name-style="eastern">
            <surname>Arizono</surname>
            <given-names>Koji </given-names>
          </name>
          <name-alternatives>
            <name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru">
              <surname>Аризоно</surname>
              <given-names>Кодзи </given-names>
            </name>
            <name name-style="western" xml:lang="en">
              <surname>Arizono</surname>
              <given-names>Koji </given-names>
            </name>
          </name-alternatives>
          <email>arizono@pu-kumamoto.ac.jp</email>
          <contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">0000-0002-9148-9176</contrib-id>
          <xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff8"/>
        </contrib>
        <aff-alternatives id="aff8">
          <aff>
            <institution xml:lang="ru">Префектурный университет Кумамото (Кумамото, Япония)</institution>
          </aff>
          <aff>
            <institution xml:lang="en">Prefectural University of Kumamoto (Kumamoto, Japan)</institution>
          </aff>
        </aff-alternatives>
        <contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes">
          <name name-style="eastern">
            <surname>Nandiyanto</surname>
            <given-names>Asep Bayu Dani</given-names>
          </name>
          <name-alternatives>
            <name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru">
              <surname>Нандиянто</surname>
              <given-names>Асеп Баю Дани</given-names>
            </name>
            <name name-style="western" xml:lang="en">
              <surname>Nandiyanto</surname>
              <given-names>Asep Bayu Dani</given-names>
            </name>
          </name-alternatives>
          <email>nandiyanto@upi.edu</email>
          <contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">0000-0002-9753-1267</contrib-id>
          <xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff9"/>
        </contrib>
        <aff-alternatives id="aff9">
          <aff>
            <institution xml:lang="ru">Индонезийский педагогический университет (Бандун, Индонезия)</institution>
          </aff>
          <aff>
            <institution xml:lang="en">Universitas Pendidikan Indonesia (Bandung, Indonesia)</institution>
          </aff>
        </aff-alternatives>
      </contrib-group>
      <pub-date pub-type="epub" iso-8601-date="2025-02-11">
        <day>11</day>
        <month>02</month>
        <year>2025</year>
      </pub-date>
      <pub-date date-type="collection">
        <year>2025</year>
      </pub-date>
      <volume>272</volume>
      <fpage>59</fpage>
      <lpage>71</lpage>
      <history>
        <date date-type="received" iso-8601-date="2023-11-02">
          <day>02</day>
          <month>11</month>
          <year>2023</year>
        </date>
        <date date-type="accepted" iso-8601-date="2024-09-24">
          <day>24</day>
          <month>09</month>
          <year>2024</year>
        </date>
        <date date-type="rev-recd" iso-8601-date="2025-04-25">
          <day>25</day>
          <month>04</month>
          <year>2025</year>
        </date>
      </history>
      <permissions>
        <copyright-statement xml:lang="ru">© 2025 Вилли К. Нуграха, Хуйхо  Чон, Фан Динь Куан, Рэнди  Новирса, Томохиро  Коморита, Ясухиро  Исибаси, Дзюн  Кобаяси, Кодзи  Аризоно, Асеп Баю Дани Нандиянто</copyright-statement>
        <copyright-statement xml:lang="en">© 2025 Willy C. Nugraha, Huiho  Jeong, Phan Dinh Quang, Randy  Novirsa, Tomohiro  Komorita, Ishibashi  Yasuhiro, Jun  Kobayashi, Koji  Arizono, Asep Bayu Dani Nandiyanto</copyright-statement>
        <copyright-year>2025</copyright-year>
        <copyright-holder xml:lang="ru">Вилли К. Нуграха, Хуйхо  Чон, Фан Динь Куан, Рэнди  Новирса, Томохиро  Коморита, Ясухиро  Исибаси, Дзюн  Кобаяси, Кодзи  Аризоно, Асеп Баю Дани Нандиянто</copyright-holder>
        <copyright-holder xml:lang="en">Willy C. Nugraha, Huiho  Jeong, Phan Dinh Quang, Randy  Novirsa, Tomohiro  Komorita, Ishibashi  Yasuhiro, Jun  Kobayashi, Koji  Arizono, Asep Bayu Dani Nandiyanto</copyright-holder>
        <license license-type="open-access" xlink:href="http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0" xml:lang="ru">
          <license-p>Эта статья доступна по лицензии Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International (CC BY 4.0)</license-p>
        </license>
        <license license-type="open-access" xlink:href="http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0" xml:lang="en">
          <license-p>This article is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License (CC BY 4.0)</license-p>
        </license>
      </permissions>
      <self-uri xlink:type="simple" xlink:href="https://pmi.spmi.ru/pmi/article/view/16339">https://pmi.spmi.ru/pmi/article/view/16339</self-uri>
      <abstract xml:lang="ru">
        <p>Кустарная мелкомасштабная добыча золота является крупнейшим искусственным источником загрязнения ртутью – распространенная проблема в настоящее время в мире. Исследование посвящено вкладу кустарной добычи золота в общий объем загрязнения ртутью индонезийского водораздела. Величина загрязнения ртутью измерена с использованием стабильных изотопов углерода и азота. Работа является первым аналитическим отчетом в Индонезии со времен начала публикаций об обнаружении тяжелых металлов в воде и отложениях рек. Ранее не уделялось внимание глубокому анализу загрязнения ртутью и его источникам. Определено, что кустарные и мелкомасштабные точки по добыче золота в верховьях рек являются основным источником ртути в отложениях водораздела р. Сиухунь. Наличие углерода δ13C и азота δ15N свидетельствует о загрязнении ртутью водораздела, которое идет из рек Сизимеут и Сиберанг. Результаты анализа образцов поверхностных отложений показали общую концентрацию ртути в отложениях, превышающую допустимую. Биологический эффект показал, что концентрация ртути в большинстве точек отбора проб превышает средние значения диапазона воздействия и предел вероятного воздействия. Значение коэффициента риска по ртути указывает на возможное влияние загрязнения ртутью на бентические организмы. В данном исследовании также обозначены ограничения, требующий дальнейшего изучения.</p>
      </abstract>
      <abstract xml:lang="en">
        <p>Artisanal small-scale gold mining is the largest artificial source of mercury pollution and has been a very common problem recently. This study examined the contribution of Hg release due to artisanal small-scale gold mining in contaminating the sediment of the watershed in Indonesia. Different from other methods, we measured Hg pollution using the stable isotopes of carbon and nitrogen. This report is the first time analytical reports in Indonesia since most papers focus primarily on only detecting heavy metals in river water and sediments, neglecting deep research on Hg pollution and resources. The findings of this study indicate that artisanal and small-scale gold mining activities, located in the upstream areas of the tributaries that act as point sources, are the primary source of mercury in the sediment of the Ciujung watershed. The isotopes δ13C and δ15N successfully trace the Hg-contaminated sediment in the Ciujung watershed derived from the Cisimeut and Ciberang Rivers based on soil organic matter. The biological effect showed the Hg concentration in most of the sampling sites exceeded the Effects-range medium and Probable effect limit values. The Risk quotient values of Hg indicated the Hg pollution had a possibility effect on the benthic organism. Several limitations have also been added in this study and needs for further investigation.</p>
      </abstract>
      <kwd-group xml:lang="ru">
        <title>Ключевые слова</title>
        <kwd>кустарная мелкомасштабная добыча золота</kwd>
        <kwd>ртуть</kwd>
        <kwd>отложения</kwd>
        <kwd>Сиухунь</kwd>
      </kwd-group>
      <kwd-group xml:lang="en">
        <title>Keywords</title>
        <kwd>artisanal small-scale gold mining</kwd>
        <kwd>mercury</kwd>
        <kwd>sediment</kwd>
        <kwd>ciujung</kwd>
      </kwd-group>
      <funding-group>
        <funding-statement xml:lang="ru">Данное исследование было профинансировано международной стипендией для аспирантов по исследованию ртутного загрязнения от правительства префектуры Кумамото, Япония.</funding-statement>
        <funding-statement xml:lang="en">This study was funded by an international postgraduate scholarship for research on mercury from the Kumamoto Prefectural Government, Japan.</funding-statement>
      </funding-group>
    </article-meta>
  </front>
  <body/>
  <back>
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