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    <journal-meta>
      <journal-id journal-id-type="issn">2411-3336</journal-id>
      <journal-id journal-id-type="eissn">2541-9404</journal-id>
      <journal-title-group>
        <journal-title xml:lang="ru">Записки Горного института</journal-title>
        <journal-title xml:lang="en">Journal of Mining Institute</journal-title>
      </journal-title-group>
      <publisher>
        <publisher-name xml:lang="ru">Санкт-Петербургский горный университет императрицы Екатерины ΙΙ</publisher-name>
        <publisher-name xml:lang="en">Empress Catherine II Saint Petersburg Mining University</publisher-name>
      </publisher>
    </journal-meta>
    <article-meta>
      <article-id custom-type="edn" pub-id-type="custom">XIQXNW</article-id>
      <article-id custom-type="pmi" pub-id-type="custom">pmi-16294</article-id>
      <article-id pub-id-type="uri">https://pmi.spmi.ru/pmi/article/view/16294</article-id>
      <article-categories>
        <subj-group subj-group-type="section-heading" xml:lang="ru">
          <subject>Геотехнология и инженерная геология</subject>
        </subj-group>
        <subj-group subj-group-type="section-heading" xml:lang="en">
          <subject>Geotechnical Engineering and Engineering Geology</subject>
        </subj-group>
      </article-categories>
      <title-group>
        <article-title xml:lang="en">Finite element analysis of slope failure in Ouenza open-pit iron mine, NE Algeria: causes ‎and lessons for stability control</article-title>
        <trans-title-group xml:lang="ru">
          <trans-title>Анализ обрушения бортов на железорудном карьере Уэнса в Северо-Восточном Алжире методом конечных элементов: причины и выводы для контроля устойчивости</trans-title>
        </trans-title-group>
      </title-group>
      <contrib-group>
        <contrib contrib-type="author">
          <name name-style="eastern">
            <surname>Belgueliel</surname>
            <given-names>Fares </given-names>
          </name>
          <name-alternatives>
            <name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru">
              <surname>Бельгелиль</surname>
              <given-names>Ф. </given-names>
            </name>
            <name name-style="western" xml:lang="en">
              <surname>Belgueliel</surname>
              <given-names>Fares </given-names>
            </name>
          </name-alternatives>
          <email>fares.belgueliel@univ-bejaia.dz</email>
          <contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">0009-0004-5231-6178</contrib-id>
          <xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff1"/>
        </contrib>
        <aff-alternatives id="aff1">
          <aff>
            <institution xml:lang="ru">Университет Беджайя, технологический факультет, кафедра горного дела и геологии (Беджайя, Алжир)</institution>
          </aff>
          <aff>
            <institution xml:lang="en">University of Bejaia, Faculty of Technology, Mining and Geology Department (Bejaia, Algeria)</institution>
          </aff>
        </aff-alternatives>
        <contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes">
          <name name-style="eastern">
            <surname>Fredj</surname>
            <given-names>Mohamed </given-names>
          </name>
          <name-alternatives>
            <name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru">
              <surname>Фредж</surname>
              <given-names>М. </given-names>
            </name>
            <name name-style="western" xml:lang="en">
              <surname>Fredj</surname>
              <given-names>Mohamed </given-names>
            </name>
          </name-alternatives>
          <email>mohamed.fredj@univ-bejaia.dz</email>
          <contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">0000-0001-7860-6107</contrib-id>
          <xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff2"/>
        </contrib>
        <aff-alternatives id="aff2">
          <aff>
            <institution xml:lang="ru">Университет Беджайя, технологический факультет, кафедра горного дела и геологии (Беджайя, Алжир)</institution>
          </aff>
          <aff>
            <institution xml:lang="en">University of Bejaia, Faculty of Technology, Mining and Geology Department (Bejaia, Algeria)</institution>
          </aff>
        </aff-alternatives>
        <contrib contrib-type="author">
          <name name-style="eastern">
            <surname>Saadoun</surname>
            <given-names>Abderrazak </given-names>
          </name>
          <name-alternatives>
            <name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru">
              <surname>Саадун</surname>
              <given-names>А. </given-names>
            </name>
            <name name-style="western" xml:lang="en">
              <surname>Saadoun</surname>
              <given-names>Abderrazak </given-names>
            </name>
          </name-alternatives>
          <email>abderrazak.saadoun@univ-bejaia.dz</email>
          <contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">0000-0001-7860-6107</contrib-id>
          <xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff3"/>
        </contrib>
        <aff-alternatives id="aff3">
          <aff>
            <institution xml:lang="ru">Университет Беджайя, технологический факультет, кафедра горного дела и геологии (Беджайя, Алжир)</institution>
          </aff>
          <aff>
            <institution xml:lang="en">University of Bejaia, Faculty of Technology, Mining and Geology Department (Bejaia, Algeria)</institution>
          </aff>
        </aff-alternatives>
        <contrib contrib-type="author">
          <name name-style="eastern">
            <surname>Boukarm</surname>
            <given-names>Riadh </given-names>
          </name>
          <name-alternatives>
            <name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru">
              <surname>Букарм</surname>
              <given-names>Р. </given-names>
            </name>
            <name name-style="western" xml:lang="en">
              <surname>Boukarm</surname>
              <given-names>Riadh </given-names>
            </name>
          </name-alternatives>
          <email>riadh.boukarm@univ-bejaia.dz</email>
          <contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">0000-0002-9387-5812</contrib-id>
          <xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff4"/>
        </contrib>
        <aff-alternatives id="aff4">
          <aff>
            <institution xml:lang="ru">Университет Беджайя, технологический факультет, Лаборатория строительной инженерии и архитектуры (LGCA) (Беджайя, Алжир)</institution>
          </aff>
          <aff>
            <institution xml:lang="en">University of Bejaia, Faculty of Technology, Laboratory of Construction Engineering and Architecture (LGCA) (Bejaia, Algeria)</institution>
          </aff>
        </aff-alternatives>
      </contrib-group>
      <pub-date pub-type="epub" iso-8601-date="2024-05-29">
        <day>29</day>
        <month>05</month>
        <year>2024</year>
      </pub-date>
      <pub-date date-type="collection">
        <year>2024</year>
      </pub-date>
      <volume>268</volume>
      <fpage>576</fpage>
      <lpage>587</lpage>
      <history>
        <date date-type="received" iso-8601-date="2023-07-25">
          <day>25</day>
          <month>07</month>
          <year>2023</year>
        </date>
        <date date-type="accepted" iso-8601-date="2024-05-02">
          <day>02</day>
          <month>05</month>
          <year>2024</year>
        </date>
        <date date-type="rev-recd" iso-8601-date="2024-08-26">
          <day>26</day>
          <month>08</month>
          <year>2024</year>
        </date>
      </history>
      <permissions>
        <copyright-statement xml:lang="ru">© 2024 Ф.  Бельгелиль, М.  Фредж, А.  Саадун, Р.  Букарм</copyright-statement>
        <copyright-statement xml:lang="en">© 2024 Fares  Belgueliel, Mohamed  Fredj, Abderrazak  Saadoun, Riadh  Boukarm</copyright-statement>
        <copyright-year>2024</copyright-year>
        <copyright-holder xml:lang="ru">Ф.  Бельгелиль, М.  Фредж, А.  Саадун, Р.  Букарм</copyright-holder>
        <copyright-holder xml:lang="en">Fares  Belgueliel, Mohamed  Fredj, Abderrazak  Saadoun, Riadh  Boukarm</copyright-holder>
        <license license-type="open-access" xlink:href="http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0" xml:lang="ru">
          <license-p>Эта статья доступна по лицензии Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International (CC BY 4.0)</license-p>
        </license>
        <license license-type="open-access" xlink:href="http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0" xml:lang="en">
          <license-p>This article is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License (CC BY 4.0)</license-p>
        </license>
      </permissions>
      <self-uri xlink:type="simple" xlink:href="https://pmi.spmi.ru/pmi/article/view/16294">https://pmi.spmi.ru/pmi/article/view/16294</self-uri>
      <abstract xml:lang="ru">
        <p>Обрушение бортов карьера при открытой разработке месторождений представляет собой большую трудность для контроля устойчивости бортов и требует подробного изучения причин. В статье рассматривается обратный анализ обрушения борта карьера на участке Зерга железорудного карьера Уэнса в Алжире. Основной целью исследования является определение причин обрушения бортов и разработка профилактических мер и методов повышения их устойчивости. Это позволит получить важные сведения для мониторинга устойчивости во время открытых горных работ. Исследование началось с реконструкции бортов в зонах влияния, после чего был проведен численный анализ с использованием метода снижения прочности на сдвиг в рамках метода конечных элементов SSR-FE. Этот метод позволяет исследовать устойчивость бортов как при статических, так и при динамических нагрузках. Оценка динамических нагрузок включала оценку вибраций, вызванных взрывными работами во время очистной выемки, что позволило включить сейсмическую нагрузку в анализ методом конечных элементов. Результаты показали, что основным фактором, спровоцировавшим обрушение борта, была вибрация, вызванная взрывными работами. Кроме того, устойчивость борта была серьезно нарушена при статических нагрузках, что свидетельствует о несоблюдении требований безопасного ведения открытых горных работ. Сложные геологические условия – наличие слоев мергеля, в которых возникает максимальная деформация на сдвиг – способствовали образованию поверхности обрушения борта. Исследование не только показало причины обрушения бортов, но и позволило сделать важные выводы для эффективного управления устойчивостью бортов карьера при открытых горных работах.</p>
      </abstract>
      <abstract xml:lang="en">
        <p>Slope failures in mining engineering pose significant risks to slope stability control, necessitating a thorough investigation into their root causes. This paper focuses on a back analysis of a slope failure in the Zerga section of the Ouenza – Algeria open-pit iron mine. The primary objectives are to identify the causes of slope failure, propose preventive measures, and suggest techniques to enhance stability, thereby providing crucial insights for monitoring slope stability during mining operations. The study commenced with a reconstruction of the slopes in the affected zones, followed by a numerical analysis utilizing the Shear strength reduction method within the Finite element method (SSR-FE). This approach enables the examination of slope stability under both static and dynamic loads. The dynamic load assessment incorporated an evaluation of the vibrations induced by the blasting process during excavation, introducing seismic loading into the finite element analysis. The findings reveal that the primary triggering factor for the landslide was the vibration generated by the blasting process. Furthermore, the slope stability was found to be critically compromised under static loads, highlighting a failure to adhere to exploitation operation norms. The challenging geology, particularly the presence of marl layers where maximum shear strain occurs, contributed to the formation of the landslide surface. The study not only identifies the causes of slope failure but also provides valuable lessons for effective slope stability management in mining operations.</p>
      </abstract>
      <kwd-group xml:lang="ru">
        <title>Ключевые слова</title>
        <kwd>обратный анализ</kwd>
        <kwd>SSR-FE</kwd>
        <kwd>вибрация</kwd>
        <kwd>взрывные работы</kwd>
        <kwd>открытый железорудный рудник</kwd>
        <kwd>устойчивость бортов карьера</kwd>
        <kwd>обрушение бортов карьера</kwd>
      </kwd-group>
      <kwd-group xml:lang="en">
        <title>Keywords</title>
        <kwd>back analysis</kwd>
        <kwd>SSR-FE</kwd>
        <kwd>vibration</kwd>
        <kwd>blasting</kwd>
        <kwd>iron mine</kwd>
        <kwd>slope stability</kwd>
        <kwd>landslide</kwd>
      </kwd-group>
    </article-meta>
  </front>
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  <back>
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