Ключевые слова

2411-3336

2541-9404

Записки Горного института

Journal of Mining Institute

Санкт-Петербургский горный университет императрицы Екатерины ΙΙ

Empress Catherine II Saint Petersburg Mining University

PYSEVM

pmi-16291

https://pmi.spmi.ru/pmi/article/view/16291

Геотехнология и инженерная геология

Geotechnical Engineering and Engineering Geology

Directions in the technological development of aluminium pots

Направления технологического развития алюминиевых электролизеров

Gorlanov

Еvgenii S.

Горланов

Е. С.

Gorlanov

Еvgenii S.

gorlanove_es@pers.spmi.ru

0000-0003-2990-3601

Санкт-Петербургский горный университет императрицы Екатерины II (Россия) Empress Catherine II Saint Petersburg Mining University (Russia)

Leontev

Leopold I.

Леонтьев

Л. И.

Leontev

Leopold I.

leo@presidium.ras.ru

0000-0002-4343-914X

Российская академия наук (Москва, Россия) Russian Academy of Sciences (Moscow, Russia)

11 12 2023

2024

266 246 259 20 07 2023 25 10 2023 25 04 2024

2023

Е. С. Горланов, Л. И. Леонтьев

Еvgenii S. Gorlanov, Leopold I. Leontev

Эта статья доступна по лицензии Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International (CC BY 4.0)

This article is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License (CC BY 4.0)

https://pmi.spmi.ru/pmi/article/view/16291

Проанализированы направления технического и технологического развития алюминиевой промышленности, действующих и перспективных проектов уменьшения энергопотребления и экологической нагрузки на окружающую среду. Обсуждается активное участие государства в организации финансовых инструментов экологической реконструкции изношенных производственных мощностей. Несмотря на то, что технология алюминиевых электролизеров развивается в направлении увеличения единичной мощности, но с ограниченным потенциалом уменьшения энергопотребления и выброса парниковых газов, возможности повышения удельной производительности практически отсутствуют. Поэтому возникают и развиваются такие проекты как электролизеры с инертным анодом и дренированным катодом, успешное завершение которых маловероятно после многолетних исследований и полупромышленных испытаний. Для продолжения работ по инертному аноду требуется однозначный ответ от компетентных организаций о промышленной безопасности локальных источников массивных выделений кислорода в атмосферу. Проект дренированного катода после обсуждения существующих проблем кажется неосуществимым. В противоположность действующей технологии, проектам с инертным анодом и дренированным катодом большие перспективы открывает развитие технологии электролизеров с вертикальным расположением электродов. В лабораторных условиях получены положительные результаты применения электродов специальной формы, гомогенизации их поверхности и развития способов синтеза композитных катодов непосредственно в процессе электролиза. Ожидается, что объединение этих направлений и последовательное масштабирование позволит на новом уровне использовать вертикальные электроды для кратного увеличения удельной производительности электролизеров, уменьшения энергопотребления и выбросов парниковых газов.

Directions for the technical and technological development of aluminium industry, existing and promising projects to reduce the energy consumption and the environmental impact are analyzed. The active participation of the state in the organization of financial instruments for the ecological reconstruction of obsolete production facilities is discussed. In spite of the fact that the technology of aluminium pots is developed towards the increase of a single capacity, but with limited potential of reducing energy consumption and greenhouse gases emission, the possibilities for the increase of specific output are practically non-existent. Therefore, such projects like pots, equipped with inert anodes and drained cathodes arise and are under development, the successful completion of which is unlikely after multi-year researches and pilot tests. To continue the works related to inert anodes the decisive answer about the industrial safety of local sources of the massive oxygen emissions to atmosphere is required from competent entities. The drained cathode project, after discussing the existing problems, seems unfeasible. As opposed to the existing technology the development of the pots with vertical electrodes offers great opportunities to the designs of inert anodes and drained cathodes. Positive results of using shaped electrodes, homogenizing their surface and developing the methods for the synthesis of composite cathodes directly during the electrolytic process were obtained in laboratory conditions. It is expected that the combination of these trends and the successive dimensional scaling shall allow using the vertical electrodes at the next level for the fold increase of specific pot capacity and for the decrease of energy consumption and greenhouse gas emissions.

Ключевые слова алюминиевый электролизер наилучшие доступные технологии энергопотребление инертный анод дренированный катод смачиваемость вертикальный электрод удельная производительность

Keywords aluminium pot best available technologies energy consumption inert anode drained cathode wettability vertical electrode specific capacity

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