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  <front>
    <journal-meta>
      <journal-id journal-id-type="issn">2411-3336</journal-id>
      <journal-id journal-id-type="eissn">2541-9404</journal-id>
      <journal-title-group>
        <journal-title xml:lang="ru">Записки Горного института</journal-title>
        <journal-title xml:lang="en">Journal of Mining Institute</journal-title>
      </journal-title-group>
      <publisher>
        <publisher-name xml:lang="ru">Санкт-Петербургский горный университет императрицы Екатерины ΙΙ</publisher-name>
        <publisher-name xml:lang="en">Empress Catherine II Saint Petersburg Mining University</publisher-name>
      </publisher>
    </journal-meta>
    <article-meta>
      <article-id custom-type="pmi" pub-id-type="custom">pmi-16254</article-id>
      <article-id pub-id-type="uri">https://pmi.spmi.ru/pmi/article/view/16254</article-id>
      <article-categories>
        <subj-group subj-group-type="section-heading" xml:lang="ru">
          <subject>Геотехнология и инженерная геология</subject>
        </subj-group>
        <subj-group subj-group-type="section-heading" xml:lang="en">
          <subject>Geotechnical Engineering and Engineering Geology</subject>
        </subj-group>
      </article-categories>
      <title-group>
        <article-title xml:lang="en">Analyzing friction bolts load bearing capacity in varying rock masses: an experimental study in Anti Atlas Imiter silver mining region, Morocco</article-title>
        <trans-title-group xml:lang="ru">
          <trans-title>Анализ несущей способности фрикционных анкеров в различных горных породах: экспериментальные исследования в регионе добычи серебра Антиатлас Имитер, Марокко</trans-title>
        </trans-title-group>
      </title-group>
      <contrib-group>
        <contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes">
          <name name-style="eastern">
            <surname>Amine</surname>
            <given-names>Soufi </given-names>
          </name>
          <name-alternatives>
            <name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru">
              <surname>Амин</surname>
              <given-names>Суфи </given-names>
            </name>
            <name name-style="western" xml:lang="en">
              <surname>Amine</surname>
              <given-names>Soufi </given-names>
            </name>
          </name-alternatives>
          <email>soufi@emi.ac.ma</email>
          <contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">0009-0002-6137-9459</contrib-id>
          <xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff1"/>
        </contrib>
        <aff-alternatives id="aff1">
          <aff>
            <institution xml:lang="ru">Университет Мохаммеда V (Рабат, Марокко)</institution>
          </aff>
          <aff>
            <institution xml:lang="en">Mohammed V University (Rabat, Morocco)</institution>
          </aff>
        </aff-alternatives>
        <contrib contrib-type="author">
          <name name-style="eastern">
            <surname>Latifa</surname>
            <given-names>Ouadif </given-names>
          </name>
          <name-alternatives>
            <name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru">
              <surname>Латифа</surname>
              <given-names>Уоадиф </given-names>
            </name>
            <name name-style="western" xml:lang="en">
              <surname>Latifa</surname>
              <given-names>Ouadif </given-names>
            </name>
          </name-alternatives>
          <email>soufi@emi.ac.ma</email>
          <contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">0000-0002-4613-1124</contrib-id>
          <xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff2"/>
        </contrib>
        <aff-alternatives id="aff2">
          <aff>
            <institution xml:lang="ru">Университет Мохаммеда V (Рабат, Марокко)</institution>
          </aff>
          <aff>
            <institution xml:lang="en">Mohammed V University (Rabat, Morocco)</institution>
          </aff>
        </aff-alternatives>
        <contrib contrib-type="author">
          <name name-style="eastern">
            <surname>Mohammed</surname>
            <given-names>Souissi </given-names>
          </name>
          <name-alternatives>
            <name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru">
              <surname>Мохаммед</surname>
              <given-names>Сусси </given-names>
            </name>
            <name name-style="western" xml:lang="en">
              <surname>Mohammed</surname>
              <given-names>Souissi </given-names>
            </name>
          </name-alternatives>
          <email>soufi@emi.ac.ma</email>
          <contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">0009-0008-7706-6055</contrib-id>
          <xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff3"/>
        </contrib>
        <aff-alternatives id="aff3">
          <aff>
            <institution xml:lang="ru">Университет Мохаммеда V (Рабат, Марокко)</institution>
          </aff>
          <aff>
            <institution xml:lang="en">Mohammed V University (Rabat, Morocco)</institution>
          </aff>
        </aff-alternatives>
        <contrib contrib-type="author">
          <name name-style="eastern">
            <surname>Youssef</surname>
            <given-names>Zerradi </given-names>
          </name>
          <name-alternatives>
            <name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru">
              <surname>Юсуф</surname>
              <given-names>Зерради </given-names>
            </name>
            <name name-style="western" xml:lang="en">
              <surname>Youssef</surname>
              <given-names>Zerradi </given-names>
            </name>
          </name-alternatives>
          <email>soufi@emi.ac.ma</email>
          <contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">0000-0003-0192-8225</contrib-id>
          <xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff4"/>
        </contrib>
        <aff-alternatives id="aff4">
          <aff>
            <institution xml:lang="ru">Университет Мохаммеда V (Рабат, Марокко)</institution>
          </aff>
          <aff>
            <institution xml:lang="en">Mohammed V University (Rabat, Morocco)</institution>
          </aff>
        </aff-alternatives>
        <contrib contrib-type="author">
          <name name-style="eastern">
            <surname>Anas</surname>
            <given-names>Bahi </given-names>
          </name>
          <name-alternatives>
            <name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru">
              <surname>Анас</surname>
              <given-names>Бахи </given-names>
            </name>
            <name name-style="western" xml:lang="en">
              <surname>Anas</surname>
              <given-names>Bahi </given-names>
            </name>
          </name-alternatives>
          <email>soufi@emi.ac.ma</email>
          <contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">0000-0002-1450-7254</contrib-id>
          <xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff5"/>
        </contrib>
        <aff-alternatives id="aff5">
          <aff>
            <institution xml:lang="ru">Университет Мохаммеда V (Рабат, Марокко)</institution>
          </aff>
          <aff>
            <institution xml:lang="en">Mohammed V University (Rabat, Morocco)</institution>
          </aff>
        </aff-alternatives>
      </contrib-group>
      <pub-date pub-type="epub" iso-8601-date="2024-04-23">
        <day>23</day>
        <month>04</month>
        <year>2024</year>
      </pub-date>
      <pub-date date-type="collection">
        <year>2024</year>
      </pub-date>
      <volume>268</volume>
      <fpage>669</fpage>
      <lpage>682</lpage>
      <history>
        <date date-type="received" iso-8601-date="2023-06-01">
          <day>01</day>
          <month>06</month>
          <year>2023</year>
        </date>
        <date date-type="accepted" iso-8601-date="2024-03-05">
          <day>05</day>
          <month>03</month>
          <year>2024</year>
        </date>
        <date date-type="rev-recd" iso-8601-date="2024-08-26">
          <day>26</day>
          <month>08</month>
          <year>2024</year>
        </date>
      </history>
      <permissions>
        <copyright-statement xml:lang="ru">© 2024 Суфи  Амин, Уоадиф  Латифа, Сусси  Мохаммед, Зерради  Юсуф, Бахи  Анас</copyright-statement>
        <copyright-statement xml:lang="en">© 2024 Soufi  Amine, Ouadif  Latifa, Souissi  Mohammed, Zerradi  Youssef, Bahi  Anas</copyright-statement>
        <copyright-year>2024</copyright-year>
        <copyright-holder xml:lang="ru">Суфи  Амин, Уоадиф  Латифа, Сусси  Мохаммед, Зерради  Юсуф, Бахи  Анас</copyright-holder>
        <copyright-holder xml:lang="en">Soufi  Amine, Ouadif  Latifa, Souissi  Mohammed, Zerradi  Youssef, Bahi  Anas</copyright-holder>
        <license license-type="open-access" xlink:href="http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0" xml:lang="ru">
          <license-p>Эта статья доступна по лицензии Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International (CC BY 4.0)</license-p>
        </license>
        <license license-type="open-access" xlink:href="http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0" xml:lang="en">
          <license-p>This article is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License (CC BY 4.0)</license-p>
        </license>
      </permissions>
      <self-uri xlink:type="simple" xlink:href="https://pmi.spmi.ru/pmi/article/view/16254">https://pmi.spmi.ru/pmi/article/view/16254</self-uri>
      <abstract xml:lang="ru">
        <p>Изучены факторы, влияющие на несущую способность фрикционных трубчатых анкеров диаметром 39 мм и длиной 180 см с раздвоенным концом. Проведены исследования зависимости эксплуатационных показателей от устойчивости горных пород по рейтингу RMR, времени после установки, ориентации сланцеватости, шероховатости поверхности и качества установки. Цель исследований заключается в оптимизации конструкции анкеров и внедрении предлагаемых решений для повышения безопасности горных работ. Результаты исследования показывают сильную экспоненциальную зависимость сопротивления выдергиванию от устойчивости пород по рейтингу RMR, в менее нарушенном массиве несущая способность анкеров повышается. Несущая способность значительно повышается спустя время, особенно в массиве пород с рейтингом RMR выше 70. Изменение угла между осью анкера и напластованием горных пород 0-90° усиливает отклик анкера на выдергивание. Уменьшение диаметра шпура под анкер способствует увеличению трения анкера при выдергивании. Оценка эмпирических моделей несущей способности анкера по рейтингу пород по RMR, времени, ориентации напластования, диаметру шпуров, наличию шероховатости и качества установки показала их надежность в предсказании показателей эксплуатации анкеров в натурных условиях при значительном улучшении базовых RMR-методов оценки. По результатам экспериментов определено поведение анкеров при выдергивании в распространенных горных породах. Анализ полученных данных показывает пригодность установленных зависимостей к использованию в реальных условиях, что позволяет оптимизировать технические характеристики анкеров для повышения их несущей способности. Представленные методики должны повысить безопасность, эффективность и рациональные затраты на крепление подземных горных выработок. Исследование демонстрирует эксплуатационные показатели анкерной крепи при взаимодействии с массивом горных пород и позволяет повысить качество крепления подземных горных выработок.</p>
      </abstract>
      <abstract xml:lang="en">
        <p>This study analyzes how key factors impact friction rock bolt capacity using standard pull-out tests, focusing on 39 mm diameter, 180 cm long split-tube bolts. We investigate bolt performance dependence on rock mass rating (RMR), time after installation, schistosity orientation, surface roughness, and installation quality. The aim is optimizing bolt design and implementation for enhanced underground stability and safety. Results show RMR strongly exponentially correlates with pull-out resistance; higher quality rock masses increase capacity. Anchorage capacity significantly rises over time, especially for RMR above 70. Increasing angle between bolt axis and rock foliation from 0 to 90° boosts pull-out response. Reducing borehole diameter below bolt diameter grows bolt-ground friction. Empirical models estimate load capacity based on RMR, time, orientation, diameter, roughness and installation quality. These reliably predict bolt performance from site conditions, significantly improving on basic RMR methods. Experiments provide practical friction bolt behavior insights for typical rock masses. The data-driven analysis ensures models are applicable to actual underground scenarios. This enables tailored optimization of bolting configurations and supports. Methodologies presented should improve safety, efficiency and cost-effectiveness of reinforced mining and tunneling. Overall, this study fundamentally furthers friction bolt performance understanding, enabling superior underground support design.</p>
      </abstract>
      <kwd-group xml:lang="ru">
        <title>Ключевые слова</title>
        <kwd>испытания на выдергивание анкеров</kwd>
        <kwd>несущая способность анкеров</kwd>
        <kwd>угол анизотропии</kwd>
        <kwd>рейтинг RMR</kwd>
        <kwd>крепление подземных горных выработок</kwd>
      </kwd-group>
      <kwd-group xml:lang="en">
        <title>Keywords</title>
        <kwd>pull-out tests</kwd>
        <kwd>bolt bearing capacity</kwd>
        <kwd>anisotropy angle</kwd>
        <kwd>RMR classification</kwd>
        <kwd>underground mine support</kwd>
      </kwd-group>
    </article-meta>
  </front>
  <body/>
  <back>
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