2411-3336 2541-9404 Записки Горного института Journal of Mining Institute Санкт-Петербургский горный университет императрицы Екатерины ΙΙ Empress Catherine II Saint Petersburg Mining University QJYDIH pmi-16180 https://pmi.spmi.ru/pmi/article/view/16180 Геотехнология и инженерная геология Geotechnical Engineering and Engineering Geology Experimental simulation of a system of swamp biogeocenoses to improve the efficiency of quarry water treatment Экспериментальное моделирование системы болотных биогеоценозов для повышения эффективности очистки карьерных вод Pashkevich Mariya A. Пашкевич М. А. Pashkevich Mariya A. mpash1963@yandex.ru 0000-0001-7020-8219 Санкт-Петербургский горный университет (Санкт-Петербург, Россия) Saint Petersburg Mining University (Saint Petersburg, Russia) Korotaeva Anna E. Коротаева А. Э. Korotaeva Anna E. aekor@mail.ru 0000-0002-0211-6782 Санкт-Петербургский горный университет (Санкт-Петербург, Россия) Saint Petersburg Mining University (Saint Petersburg, Russia) Matveeva Vera A. Матвеева В. А. Matveeva Vera A. Matveeva_VA2@pers.spmi.ru 0000-0001-9893-380X Санкт-Петербургский горный университет (Санкт-Петербург, Россия) Saint Petersburg Mining University (Saint Petersburg, Russia) 11 10 2023 2023 263 785 794 20 03 2023 20 09 2023 27 10 2023 © 2023 М. А. Пашкевич, А. Э. Коротаева, В. А. Матвеева © 2023 Mariya A. Pashkevich, Anna E. Korotaeva, Vera A. Matveeva 2023 М. А. Пашкевич, А. Э. Коротаева, В. А. Матвеева Mariya A. Pashkevich, Anna E. Korotaeva, Vera A. Matveeva Эта статья доступна по лицензии Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International (CC BY 4.0) This article is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License (CC BY 4.0) https://pmi.spmi.ru/pmi/article/view/16180

Деятельность предприятий горнопромышленного сектора приводит к образованию большого количества сточных вод, загрязненных соединениями азотной группы и металлами. При недостаточной очистке данные поллютанты попадают в окружающую среду и оказывают токсическое действие на живые организмы. В настоящее время сконструированные водно-болотные угодья получили широкое распространение в качестве систем очистки сточных вод ввиду сочетания в себе физических, химических и биологических процессов удаления загрязняющих веществ. В данном исследовании была смоделирована экспериментальная система для повышения эффективности очистки карьерных сточных вод горнопромышленного предприятия за счет совместного использования видов высшей водной растительности: рогоза широколистного (Typha latifolia L.), частухи обыкновенной (Alisma plantago aquatica L.), ситника членистого (Juncus articulatus L.) и низшей водной растительности (Chlorella sp.). Были проанализированы концентрации соединений азотной группы и металлов как в модельном, так и в очищенном растворе карьерных сточных вод для расчета эффективности очистки. Кроме того, анализировались концентрации поллютантов в тканях высшей водной растительности для оценки аккумуляционной способности и эффективности транслокации загрязняющих веществ. Результаты экспериментального исследования показали практическую применимость сконструированной системы комплексной очистки для снижения концентрации загрязняющих веществ в карьерных сточных водах, а также увеличение эффективности очистки за счет внедрения низшей водной растительности в систему.

Mining activities were producing large quantities of wastewater contaminated with nitrogen compounds and metals. With insufficient treatment, these pollutants are released into the environment and have a toxic effect on living organisms. Constructed wetlands are now widely adopted as wastewater treatment systems because of the combination of physical, chemical and biological processes for the removal of contaminants. In this study, an experimental system was modeled to improve the efficiency of the quarry wastewater treatment of a mining enterprise by sharing the higher aquatic vegetation: broad-leaved cattail (Typha latifolia L.), common water-plantain (Alisma plantago-aquatica L.), jointed rush (Juncus articulatus L.) and lower aquatic vegetation (Chlorella sp.). Concentrations of nitrogen compounds and metal were analyzed both in the model and in the treated solution of quarry wastewater for calculation of treatment efficiency. Concentrations of the pollutants in the tissues of the higher aquatic vegetation were analyzed to assess the accumulation capacity and efficiency of translocation of the pollutants. The results of the experimental study showed the practical applicability of the constructed integrated treatment system to reduce the concentration of pollutants in quarry wastewater, as well as increasing the efficiency of treatment by introducing lower aquatic vegetation into the system

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