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  <front>
    <journal-meta>
      <journal-id journal-id-type="issn">2411-3336</journal-id>
      <journal-id journal-id-type="eissn">2541-9404</journal-id>
      <journal-title-group>
        <journal-title xml:lang="ru">Записки Горного института</journal-title>
        <journal-title xml:lang="en">Journal of Mining Institute</journal-title>
      </journal-title-group>
      <publisher>
        <publisher-name xml:lang="ru">Санкт-Петербургский горный университет императрицы Екатерины ΙΙ</publisher-name>
        <publisher-name xml:lang="en">Empress Catherine II Saint Petersburg Mining University</publisher-name>
      </publisher>
    </journal-meta>
    <article-meta>
      <article-id custom-type="edn" pub-id-type="custom">RTQXSE</article-id>
      <article-id custom-type="pmi" pub-id-type="custom">pmi-16128</article-id>
      <article-id pub-id-type="uri">https://pmi.spmi.ru/pmi/article/view/16128</article-id>
      <article-categories>
        <subj-group subj-group-type="section-heading" xml:lang="ru">
          <subject>Энергетика</subject>
        </subj-group>
        <subj-group subj-group-type="section-heading" xml:lang="en">
          <subject>Energy industry</subject>
        </subj-group>
      </article-categories>
      <title-group>
        <article-title xml:lang="en">Improvement of energy efficiency of ore-thermal furnaces in smelting of alumosilicic raw materials</article-title>
        <trans-title-group xml:lang="ru">
          <trans-title>Повышение энергетической эффективности руднотермических печей при плавке алюмокремниевого сырья</trans-title>
        </trans-title-group>
      </title-group>
      <contrib-group>
        <contrib contrib-type="author">
          <name name-style="eastern">
            <surname>Bazhin</surname>
            <given-names>Vladimir Yu.</given-names>
          </name>
          <name-alternatives>
            <name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru">
              <surname>Бажин</surname>
              <given-names>В. Ю.</given-names>
            </name>
            <name name-style="western" xml:lang="en">
              <surname>Bazhin</surname>
              <given-names>Vladimir Yu.</given-names>
            </name>
          </name-alternatives>
          <email>bazhin-alfoil@mail.ru</email>
          <contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">0000-0001-8231-3833</contrib-id>
          <xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff1"/>
        </contrib>
        <aff-alternatives id="aff1">
          <aff>
            <institution xml:lang="ru">Санкт-Петербургский горный университет (Санкт-Петербруг, Россия)</institution>
          </aff>
          <aff>
            <institution xml:lang="en">Saint Petersburg Mining University (Saint Petersburg, Russia)</institution>
          </aff>
        </aff-alternatives>
        <contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes">
          <name name-style="eastern">
            <surname>Ustinova</surname>
            <given-names>Yana V.</given-names>
          </name>
          <name-alternatives>
            <name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru">
              <surname>Устинова</surname>
              <given-names>Я. В.</given-names>
            </name>
            <name name-style="western" xml:lang="en">
              <surname>Ustinova</surname>
              <given-names>Yana V.</given-names>
            </name>
          </name-alternatives>
          <email>yana.kuskova@gmail.com</email>
          <contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">0000-0002-4382-3301</contrib-id>
          <xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff2"/>
        </contrib>
        <aff-alternatives id="aff2">
          <aff>
            <institution xml:lang="ru">Санкт-Петербургский горный университет (Санкт-Петербруг, Россия)</institution>
          </aff>
          <aff>
            <institution xml:lang="en">Saint Petersburg Mining University (Saint Petersburg, Russia)</institution>
          </aff>
        </aff-alternatives>
        <contrib contrib-type="author">
          <name name-style="eastern">
            <surname>Fedorov</surname>
            <given-names>Sergey N.</given-names>
          </name>
          <name-alternatives>
            <name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru">
              <surname>Федоров</surname>
              <given-names>С. Н.</given-names>
            </name>
            <name name-style="western" xml:lang="en">
              <surname>Fedorov</surname>
              <given-names>Sergey N.</given-names>
            </name>
          </name-alternatives>
          <email>fedorov.sn29@mail.ru</email>
          <contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">0000-0003-4654-4364</contrib-id>
          <xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff3"/>
        </contrib>
        <aff-alternatives id="aff3">
          <aff>
            <institution xml:lang="ru">Иркутский национальный исследовательский технический университет (Иркутск, Россия)</institution>
          </aff>
          <aff>
            <institution xml:lang="en">Irkutsk National Research Technical University (Irkutsk, Russia)</institution>
          </aff>
        </aff-alternatives>
        <contrib contrib-type="author">
          <name name-style="eastern">
            <surname>Shalabi</surname>
            <given-names>Mohamed E. Kh.</given-names>
          </name>
          <name-alternatives>
            <name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru">
              <surname>Шалаби</surname>
              <given-names>М. Э. Х.</given-names>
            </name>
            <name name-style="western" xml:lang="en">
              <surname>Shalabi</surname>
              <given-names>Mohamed E. Kh.</given-names>
            </name>
          </name-alternatives>
          <email>bazhin-alfoil@mail.ru</email>
          <xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff4"/>
        </contrib>
        <aff-alternatives id="aff4">
          <aff>
            <institution xml:lang="ru">Центральный научно-исследовательский металлургический институт (Каир, Египет)</institution>
          </aff>
          <aff>
            <institution xml:lang="en">Central Metallurgical Research Institute (Cairo, Egypt)</institution>
          </aff>
        </aff-alternatives>
      </contrib-group>
      <pub-date pub-type="epub" iso-8601-date="2023-07-19">
        <day>19</day>
        <month>07</month>
        <year>2023</year>
      </pub-date>
      <pub-date date-type="collection">
        <year>2023</year>
      </pub-date>
      <volume>261</volume>
      <fpage>384</fpage>
      <lpage>391</lpage>
      <history>
        <date date-type="received" iso-8601-date="2023-01-12">
          <day>12</day>
          <month>01</month>
          <year>2023</year>
        </date>
        <date date-type="accepted" iso-8601-date="2023-06-20">
          <day>20</day>
          <month>06</month>
          <year>2023</year>
        </date>
        <date date-type="rev-recd" iso-8601-date="2023-07-19">
          <day>19</day>
          <month>07</month>
          <year>2023</year>
        </date>
      </history>
      <permissions>
        <copyright-statement xml:lang="ru">© 2023 В. Ю. Бажин, Я. В. Устинова, С. Н. Федоров, М. Э. Х. Шалаби</copyright-statement>
        <copyright-statement xml:lang="en">© 2023 Vladimir Yu. Bazhin, Yana V. Ustinova, Sergey N. Fedorov, Mohamed E. Kh. Shalabi</copyright-statement>
        <copyright-year>2023</copyright-year>
        <copyright-holder xml:lang="ru">В. Ю. Бажин, Я. В. Устинова, С. Н. Федоров, М. Э. Х. Шалаби</copyright-holder>
        <copyright-holder xml:lang="en">Vladimir Yu. Bazhin, Yana V. Ustinova, Sergey N. Fedorov, Mohamed E. Kh. Shalabi</copyright-holder>
        <license license-type="open-access" xlink:href="http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0" xml:lang="ru">
          <license-p>Эта статья доступна по лицензии Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International (CC BY 4.0)</license-p>
        </license>
        <license license-type="open-access" xlink:href="http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0" xml:lang="en">
          <license-p>This article is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License (CC BY 4.0)</license-p>
        </license>
      </permissions>
      <self-uri xlink:type="simple" xlink:href="https://pmi.spmi.ru/pmi/article/view/16128">https://pmi.spmi.ru/pmi/article/view/16128</self-uri>
      <abstract xml:lang="ru">
        <p>Вопросы энергосбережения пирометаллургических производств при переработке минерального сырья в руднотермических печах являются особо значимыми для разработки новых энергоэффективных технологий. Снижение удельного расхода электроэнергии во время плавки на разных стадиях нагрева и плавления шихтовых материалов при моделировании связано с получением кинетических кривых в процессе восстановления кианитового концентрата в политермических условиях. На основе практических данных карботерми-ческого восстановления проведено математическое моделирование процессов восстановления из алюмокремниевого сырья – кианитов. В данной работе при восстановлении кианитовой шихты был использован неизотермический метод, основанный на постоянной скорости нагрева шихты (т.е. при линейной зависимости между временем и температурой), что экономит электрическую энергию. Эксперименты проводились на высокотемпературной установке с нагревателем, размещенным в углеграфитовом тигле. На основании полученных кинетических зависимостей неизотермического нагрева обогащенных кианитовых концентратов в условиях плазменного нагрева получен ряд кинетических анаморфоз линейного вида, который указывает на возможность описания скорости реакций с помощью модифицированного уравнения Колмогорова – Ерофеева при заданных условиях нагрева и в более узком интервале температур. Выявленный при построении математической модели комплекс позволяет создать алгоритм управления технологическим процессом восстановления кианитового концентрата до металлизированного состояния в заданном интервале температур для полного протекания реакционного обмена и снизить удельный расход электроэнергии на 15-20 %. При помощи полученных кинетических зависимостей с учетом термодинамики процессов и современного уровня техники можно создать универсальный тепловой агрегат для оптимального проведения карботермического восстановления шихты до металлизированного состояния (сплава) с минимальными энергетическими затратами по сравнению с существующими технологиями.</p>
      </abstract>
      <abstract xml:lang="en">
        <p>The issues of energy saving in pyrometallurgical production during processing of mineral raw materials in ore-thermal furnaces are particularly important for the development of new energy-efficient technologies. The reduction of the specific power consumption during melting at different stages of heating and melting of charge materials when modeling is related to obtaining kinetic curves in the process of kyanite concentrate regeneration in polythermal conditions. Based on practical data of carbo-thermal reduction the mathematical modeling of reduction processes from alumosilicic raw materials – kyanite was carried out. In this work, the nonisothermal method based on a constant rate of charge heating (i.e. a linear dependence between time and temperature) was used for the reduction of kyanite charge, which saves electrical energy. The experiments were carried out on a high-temperature unit with a heater placed in a carbon-graphite crucible. Based on the obtained kinetic dependences of nonisothermal heating of enriched kyanite concentrates in plasma heating conditions we obtained a number of kinetic anamorphoses of the linear form which point to the possibility of describing the reaction rate using the modified Kolmogorov – Erofeev equation for given heating conditions and within a narrow temperature range. The complex of mathematical modeling makes it possible to create a control algorithm of technological process of reduction of kyanite concentrate to a metallized state within the specified temperature range for the full flow of reaction exchange and to reduce the specific power consumption by 15-20 %. With the help of the received kinetic dependences, taking into account the thermodynamics of processes and current state of the art it is possible to create a universal thermal unit for the optimal carbothermal reduction of charge to a metallized state (alloy) with minimum power inputs compared to existing technologies.</p>
      </abstract>
      <kwd-group xml:lang="ru">
        <title>Ключевые слова</title>
        <kwd>энергосбережение</kwd>
        <kwd>энергоэффективные технологии</kwd>
        <kwd>горно-металлургический комплекс</kwd>
        <kwd>алюмокремниевые руды</kwd>
        <kwd>алюминий</kwd>
        <kwd>кремний</kwd>
        <kwd>восстановление оксида кремния</kwd>
        <kwd>кинетика</kwd>
        <kwd>удельный расход электроэнергии</kwd>
      </kwd-group>
      <kwd-group xml:lang="en">
        <title>Keywords</title>
        <kwd>energy saving</kwd>
        <kwd>energy efficient technologies</kwd>
        <kwd>mining and metallurgical complex</kwd>
        <kwd>aluminosilicate minerals</kwd>
        <kwd>aluminum</kwd>
        <kwd>silicon</kwd>
        <kwd>oxide reduction</kwd>
        <kwd>kinetics</kwd>
        <kwd>specific energy consumption</kwd>
      </kwd-group>
    </article-meta>
  </front>
  <body/>
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