2411-3336 2541-9404 Записки Горного института Journal of Mining Institute Санкт-Петербургский горный университет императрицы Екатерины ΙΙ Empress Catherine II Saint Petersburg Mining University WJRQDO pmi-16040 https://pmi.spmi.ru/pmi/article/view/16040 Геотехнология и инженерная геология Geotechnical Engineering and Engineering Geology Combined method of phytoremediation and electrical treatment for cleaning contaminated areas of the oil complex Комбинированный метод фиторемедиации и электрообработки для очистки загрязненных территорий нефтяного комплекса Shulaev Nikolai S. Шулаев Н. С. Shulaev Nikolai S. nshulayev@rambler.ru 0000-0002-3595-6948 Уфимский государственный нефтяной технический университет (Уфа, Россия) Ufa State Petroleum Technological University (Ufa, Russia) Kadyrov Ramil R. Кадыров Р. Р. Kadyrov Ramil R. r_kadyrov@mail.ru 0000-0001-6665-9375 Уфимский государственный нефтяной технический университет (Уфа, Россия) Ufa State Petroleum Technological University (Ufa, Russia) Pryanichnikova Valeriya V. Пряничникова В. В. Pryanichnikova Valeriya V. prvaleria@mail.ru 0000-0001-8997-5186 Уфимский государственный нефтяной технический университет (Уфа, Россия) Ufa State Petroleum Technological University (Ufa, Russia) 03 10 2023 2024 265 147 155 30 10 2022 20 09 2023 29 02 2024 © Nikolai S. Shulaev, Ramil R. Kadyrov, Valeriya V. Pryanichnikova 2023 Н. С. Шулаев, Р. Р. Кадыров, В. В. Пряничникова Nikolai S. Shulaev, Ramil R. Kadyrov, Valeriya V. Pryanichnikova CC BY 4.0 https://pmi.spmi.ru/pmi/article/view/16040

Масштабность загрязнения земель нефтяными отходами обуславливает необходимость применения экономичных и эффективных методов их рекультивации. Фиторемедиация – один из наиболее простых методов, но обладает рядом ограничений, поэтому перед ее проведением зачастую требуется дополнительная подготовка территории. Интерес представляют предварительная электроподготовка и последующий высев специальных фиторемедиантов. Пропускание через объем почвы постоянного электрического тока под небольшим напряжением удаляет токсиканты из глубоких почвенных слоев даже в случае обводнения, а также снижает их содержание в верхнем слое, где расположена корневая система растений, что создает более комфортные условия для фиторемедиантов. Адекватно подобранные виды растительности обеспечат доочистку почвы, улучшат ее структуру и воздушный обмен. Приведены результаты исследований по двум направлениям. Эксперименты по изучению устойчивости растений к различному загрязнению почвенного субстрата сырой нефтью позволили установить пороговые значения контаминации, при которых целесообразен посев конкретного вида, и выбрать оптимальные фитомелиоранты. Изучение очистки нефтесодержащего грунта в монокатодоцентрической электрохимической установке с фиксированием основных характеристик (концентрации нефтепродуктов, температуры грунта, вольт-амперных характеристик) позволяет прорабатывать технические мероприятия по подготовке территорий с учетом особенностей ландшафта к фиторемедиации.

The scale of land pollution with oil waste necessitates the use of economical and effective methods of recultivation. Phytoremediation is one of the simplest methods, but it has a number of limitations, so additional preparation of the territory is often required before it is carried out. Preliminary electrical preparation and subsequent seeding of special phytoremediants are of interest. Passing a constant electric current through the soil volume under a low voltage removes toxicants from deep soil layers even with flooding. In addition, it reduces pollutant content in the upper layer, where the plants root system is located, which creates more favorable conditions for phytoremediants. Adequately selected types of plants will ensure additional soil cleaning, improve its structure and air exchange. The results of two research directions are presented. Experiments on the study of plant resistance to oil-contaminated soil substrate allowed establishing contamination thresholds at which it is advisable to sow a particular species, and to choose optimal phytoremediants. The study of the oil-containing soil cleaning in a monocathodocentric electrochemical installation with the fixation of main characteristics (oil products concentration, soil temperature, volt-ampere characteristics) allows us to develop technical measures to prepare territories for phytoremediation taking into account the relief features.

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