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  <front>
    <journal-meta>
      <journal-id journal-id-type="issn">2411-3336</journal-id>
      <journal-id journal-id-type="eissn">2541-9404</journal-id>
      <journal-title-group>
        <journal-title xml:lang="ru">Записки Горного института</journal-title>
        <journal-title xml:lang="en">Journal of Mining Institute</journal-title>
      </journal-title-group>
      <publisher>
        <publisher-name xml:lang="ru">Санкт-Петербургский горный университет императрицы Екатерины ΙΙ</publisher-name>
        <publisher-name xml:lang="en">Empress Catherine II Saint Petersburg Mining University</publisher-name>
      </publisher>
    </journal-meta>
    <article-meta>
      <article-id custom-type="edn" pub-id-type="custom">UGMFEW</article-id>
      <article-id custom-type="pmi" pub-id-type="custom">pmi-15913</article-id>
      <article-id pub-id-type="uri">https://pmi.spmi.ru/pmi/article/view/15913</article-id>
      <article-categories>
        <subj-group subj-group-type="section-heading" xml:lang="ru">
          <subject>Геотехнология и инженерная геология</subject>
        </subj-group>
        <subj-group subj-group-type="section-heading" xml:lang="en">
          <subject>Geotechnical Engineering and Engineering Geology</subject>
        </subj-group>
      </article-categories>
      <title-group>
        <article-title xml:lang="en">Determination of the accuracy of leveling route based  on GNSS/leveling and Earth gravitational model data  SGG-UGM-2 at some typical regions in Vietnam</article-title>
        <trans-title-group xml:lang="ru">
          <trans-title>Определение точности нивелирных ходов  по данным ГНСС/нивелирования и гравитационной модели Земли  SGG-UGM-2 в некоторых типичных районах Вьетнама</trans-title>
        </trans-title-group>
      </title-group>
      <contrib-group>
        <contrib contrib-type="author">
          <name name-style="eastern">
            <surname>Tham</surname>
            <given-names>Bui Thi Hong</given-names>
          </name>
          <name-alternatives>
            <name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru">
              <surname>Тхам</surname>
              <given-names>Буй Тхи Хонг</given-names>
            </name>
            <name name-style="western" xml:lang="en">
              <surname>Tham</surname>
              <given-names>Bui Thi Hong</given-names>
            </name>
          </name-alternatives>
          <email>ptthanhdc@hunre.edu.vn</email>
          <contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">0000-0002-3932-4040</contrib-id>
          <xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff1"/>
        </contrib>
        <aff-alternatives id="aff1">
          <aff>
            <institution xml:lang="ru">Ханойский университет природных ресурсов и окружающей среды (Ханой, Вьетнам)</institution>
          </aff>
          <aff>
            <institution xml:lang="en">Hanoi University of Natural Resources and Environment (Hanoi, Vietnam)</institution>
          </aff>
        </aff-alternatives>
        <contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes">
          <name name-style="eastern">
            <surname>Thanh</surname>
            <given-names>Phi Truong</given-names>
          </name>
          <name-alternatives>
            <name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru">
              <surname>Тхань</surname>
              <given-names>Фи Чыонг</given-names>
            </name>
            <name name-style="western" xml:lang="en">
              <surname>Thanh</surname>
              <given-names>Phi Truong</given-names>
            </name>
          </name-alternatives>
          <email>ptthanhdc@hunre.edu.vn</email>
          <contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">0000-0003-0421-6557</contrib-id>
          <xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff2"/>
        </contrib>
        <aff-alternatives id="aff2">
          <aff>
            <institution xml:lang="ru">Ханойский университет природных ресурсов и окружающей среды (Ханой, Вьетнам)</institution>
          </aff>
          <aff>
            <institution xml:lang="en">Hanoi University of Natural Resources and Environment (Hanoi, Vietnam)</institution>
          </aff>
        </aff-alternatives>
      </contrib-group>
      <pub-date pub-type="epub" iso-8601-date="2023-11-29">
        <day>29</day>
        <month>11</month>
        <year>2023</year>
      </pub-date>
      <pub-date date-type="collection">
        <year>2024</year>
      </pub-date>
      <volume>265</volume>
      <fpage>34</fpage>
      <lpage>44</lpage>
      <history>
        <date date-type="received" iso-8601-date="2022-06-25">
          <day>25</day>
          <month>06</month>
          <year>2022</year>
        </date>
        <date date-type="accepted" iso-8601-date="2023-06-20">
          <day>20</day>
          <month>06</month>
          <year>2023</year>
        </date>
        <date date-type="rev-recd" iso-8601-date="2024-02-29">
          <day>29</day>
          <month>02</month>
          <year>2024</year>
        </date>
      </history>
      <permissions>
        <copyright-statement xml:lang="ru">© 2023 Буй Тхи Хонг Тхам, Фи Чыонг Тхань</copyright-statement>
        <copyright-statement xml:lang="en">© 2023 Bui Thi Hong Tham, Phi Truong Thanh</copyright-statement>
        <copyright-year>2023</copyright-year>
        <copyright-holder xml:lang="ru">Буй Тхи Хонг Тхам, Фи Чыонг Тхань</copyright-holder>
        <copyright-holder xml:lang="en">Bui Thi Hong Tham, Phi Truong Thanh</copyright-holder>
        <license license-type="open-access" xlink:href="http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0" xml:lang="ru">
          <license-p>Эта статья доступна по лицензии Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International (CC BY 4.0)</license-p>
        </license>
        <license license-type="open-access" xlink:href="http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0" xml:lang="en">
          <license-p>This article is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License (CC BY 4.0)</license-p>
        </license>
      </permissions>
      <self-uri xlink:type="simple" xlink:href="https://pmi.spmi.ru/pmi/article/view/15913">https://pmi.spmi.ru/pmi/article/view/15913</self-uri>
      <abstract xml:lang="ru">
        <p>В статье описано определение точности нивелирных ходов с помощью Глобальной навигационной спутниковой системы/нивелирования трех классов и данных гравитационной модели Земли SGG-UGM-2 в регионах Вьетнама путем расчета разницы между измеренными аномалиями высоты и моделью пар точек. Расчет производился на основе общего количества точек трех классов для четырех регионов (99 в Северо- Западном регионе, 34 в Дельте Красной реки, 130 на Центральном Нагорье и 96 в Дельте Меконга) с нивелирными ходами. В каждом регионе число пар точек составляет 189, 92, 294 и 203 соответственно. Результаты расчета точности нивелирных ходов показали, что их большинство является удовлетворительным (классы I-IV и техническое нивелирование). Определение точности нивелирных ходов полностью применимо к другим районам, если точки имеют одновременно эллипсоидальную высоту и высоту нивелирования, а также может помочь менеджерам и геодезистам в прогнозировании точности точек высоты, когда нивелирные ходы соединены.</p>
      </abstract>
      <abstract xml:lang="en">
        <p>This paper presents the accuracy of leveling routes determined by using GNSS/leveling at three grades and Earth gravitational model data SGG-UGM-2 in four regions of Vietnam by calculating the difference between the measured height anomalies and the model of pairs of points. The calculation is made based on the total points of three grades for four regions (99 in the Northwest, 34 in the Red River Delta, 130 in the Central Highlands, and 96 in the Mekong River Delta) with the leveling routes, connected between pair of points in each region are 189, 92, 294, and 203. The calculated results of the percentage of accuracy of the leveling routes of the four regions have shown that most of the leveling routes are satisfactory (grades I-IV, and technical leveling). The determination of the accuracy of the leveling route is completely applicable to other areas when the points have simultaneous ellipsoid and leveling heights and it also helps managers and surveyors to predict the accuracy of the height points when the above-mentioned leveling routes are connected and to take reasonable measures when implementing the project.</p>
      </abstract>
      <kwd-group xml:lang="ru">
        <title>Ключевые слова</title>
        <kwd>гравитационная модель Земли</kwd>
        <kwd>ГНСС/нивелирование</kwd>
        <kwd>высота</kwd>
        <kwd>точность</kwd>
        <kwd>SGG-UGM-2</kwd>
      </kwd-group>
      <kwd-group xml:lang="en">
        <title>Keywords</title>
        <kwd>Earth gravitational model</kwd>
        <kwd>GNSS/leveling</kwd>
        <kwd>height</kwd>
        <kwd>accuracy</kwd>
        <kwd>SGG-UGM-2</kwd>
      </kwd-group>
      <funding-group>
        <funding-statement xml:lang="ru">Статья написана в рамках проекта TNMT.2022.562.04 Министерства природных ресурсов и окружающей среды (MONRE) Вьетнама.</funding-statement>
        <funding-statement xml:lang="en">The article was written as part of the project TNMT.2022.562.04 by the Ministry of Natural  Resources and Environment (MONRE), Vietnam.</funding-statement>
      </funding-group>
    </article-meta>
  </front>
  <body/>
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