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  <front>
    <journal-meta>
      <journal-id journal-id-type="issn">2411-3336</journal-id>
      <journal-id journal-id-type="eissn">2541-9404</journal-id>
      <journal-title-group>
        <journal-title xml:lang="ru">Записки Горного института</journal-title>
        <journal-title xml:lang="en">Journal of Mining Institute</journal-title>
      </journal-title-group>
      <publisher>
        <publisher-name xml:lang="ru">Санкт-Петербургский горный университет императрицы Екатерины ΙΙ</publisher-name>
        <publisher-name xml:lang="en">Empress Catherine II Saint Petersburg Mining University</publisher-name>
      </publisher>
    </journal-meta>
    <article-meta>
      <article-id custom-type="edn" pub-id-type="custom">BMBZHP</article-id>
      <article-id custom-type="pmi" pub-id-type="custom">pmi-15806</article-id>
      <article-id pub-id-type="uri">https://pmi.spmi.ru/pmi/article/view/15806</article-id>
      <article-categories>
        <subj-group subj-group-type="section-heading" xml:lang="ru">
          <subject>Геология</subject>
        </subj-group>
        <subj-group subj-group-type="section-heading" xml:lang="en">
          <subject>Geology</subject>
        </subj-group>
      </article-categories>
      <title-group>
        <article-title xml:lang="en">The impact of secondary mineral formation on Na-K-geothermometer readings: a case study for the Valley of Geysers hydrothermal system (Kronotsky State Nature Biosphere Reserve, Kamchatka)</article-title>
        <trans-title-group xml:lang="ru">
          <trans-title>Влияние вторичного минералообразования  на показания Na-K-геотермометра на примере гидротермальной системы Долины гейзеров (Кроноцкий заповедник, Камчатка)</trans-title>
        </trans-title-group>
      </title-group>
      <contrib-group>
        <contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes">
          <name name-style="eastern">
            <surname>Sergeeva</surname>
            <given-names>Anastasia V.</given-names>
          </name>
          <name-alternatives>
            <name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru">
              <surname>Сергеева</surname>
              <given-names>А. В.</given-names>
            </name>
            <name name-style="western" xml:lang="en">
              <surname>Sergeeva</surname>
              <given-names>Anastasia V.</given-names>
            </name>
          </name-alternatives>
          <email>anastavalers@gmail.com</email>
          <contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">0000-0001-5127-347X</contrib-id>
          <xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff1"/>
        </contrib>
        <aff-alternatives id="aff1">
          <aff>
            <institution xml:lang="ru">Институт вулканологии и сейсмологии ДВО РАН (Петропавловск-Камчатский, Россия)</institution>
          </aff>
          <aff>
            <institution xml:lang="en">Institute of Volcanology and Seismology FEB RAS (Petropavlovsk-Kamchatsky, Russia)</institution>
          </aff>
        </aff-alternatives>
        <contrib contrib-type="author">
          <name name-style="eastern">
            <surname>Kiryukhin</surname>
            <given-names>Alexey V.</given-names>
          </name>
          <name-alternatives>
            <name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru">
              <surname>Кирюхин</surname>
              <given-names>А. В.</given-names>
            </name>
            <name name-style="western" xml:lang="en">
              <surname>Kiryukhin</surname>
              <given-names>Alexey V.</given-names>
            </name>
          </name-alternatives>
          <email>anastavalers@gmail.com</email>
          <contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">0000-0001-5468-1452</contrib-id>
          <xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff2"/>
        </contrib>
        <aff-alternatives id="aff2">
          <aff>
            <institution xml:lang="ru">Институт вулканологии и сейсмологии ДВО РАН (Петропавловск-Камчатский, Россия)</institution>
          </aff>
          <aff>
            <institution xml:lang="en">Institute of Volcanology and Seismology FEB RAS (Petropavlovsk-Kamchatsky, Russia)</institution>
          </aff>
        </aff-alternatives>
        <contrib contrib-type="author">
          <name name-style="eastern">
            <surname>Usacheva</surname>
            <given-names>Olga O.</given-names>
          </name>
          <name-alternatives>
            <name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru">
              <surname>Усачева</surname>
              <given-names>О. О.</given-names>
            </name>
            <name name-style="western" xml:lang="en">
              <surname>Usacheva</surname>
              <given-names>Olga O.</given-names>
            </name>
          </name-alternatives>
          <email>anastavalers@gmail.com</email>
          <contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">0000-0002-0781-3448</contrib-id>
          <xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff3"/>
        </contrib>
        <aff-alternatives id="aff3">
          <aff>
            <institution xml:lang="ru">Институт вулканологии и сейсмологии ДВО РАН (Петропавловск-Камчатский, Россия)</institution>
          </aff>
          <aff>
            <institution xml:lang="en">Institute of Volcanology and Seismology FEB RAS (Petropavlovsk-Kamchatsky, Russia)</institution>
          </aff>
        </aff-alternatives>
        <contrib contrib-type="author">
          <name name-style="eastern">
            <surname>Rychkova</surname>
            <given-names>Tatiana V.</given-names>
          </name>
          <name-alternatives>
            <name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru">
              <surname>Рычкова</surname>
              <given-names>Т. В.</given-names>
            </name>
            <name name-style="western" xml:lang="en">
              <surname>Rychkova</surname>
              <given-names>Tatiana V.</given-names>
            </name>
          </name-alternatives>
          <email>anastavalers@gmail.com</email>
          <contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">0000-0002-6844-8771</contrib-id>
          <xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff4"/>
        </contrib>
        <aff-alternatives id="aff4">
          <aff>
            <institution xml:lang="ru">Институт вулканологии и сейсмологии ДВО РАН (Петропавловск-Камчатский, Россия)</institution>
          </aff>
          <aff>
            <institution xml:lang="en">Institute of Volcanology and Seismology FEB RAS (Petropavlovsk-Kamchatsky, Russia)</institution>
          </aff>
        </aff-alternatives>
        <contrib contrib-type="author">
          <name name-style="eastern">
            <surname>Kartasheva</surname>
            <given-names>Elena V.</given-names>
          </name>
          <name-alternatives>
            <name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru">
              <surname>Карташева</surname>
              <given-names>Е. В.</given-names>
            </name>
            <name name-style="western" xml:lang="en">
              <surname>Kartasheva</surname>
              <given-names>Elena V.</given-names>
            </name>
          </name-alternatives>
          <email>anastavalers@gmail.com</email>
          <contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">0000-0002-0518-7412</contrib-id>
          <xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff5"/>
        </contrib>
        <aff-alternatives id="aff5">
          <aff>
            <institution xml:lang="ru">Институт вулканологии и сейсмологии ДВО РАН (Петропавловск-Камчатский, Россия)</institution>
          </aff>
          <aff>
            <institution xml:lang="en">Institute of Volcanology and Seismology FEB RAS (Petropavlovsk-Kamchatsky, Russia)</institution>
          </aff>
        </aff-alternatives>
        <contrib contrib-type="author">
          <name name-style="eastern">
            <surname>Nazarova</surname>
            <given-names>Mariya A.</given-names>
          </name>
          <name-alternatives>
            <name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru">
              <surname>Назарова</surname>
              <given-names>М. А.</given-names>
            </name>
            <name name-style="western" xml:lang="en">
              <surname>Nazarova</surname>
              <given-names>Mariya A.</given-names>
            </name>
          </name-alternatives>
          <email>anastavalers@gmail.com</email>
          <contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">0000-0001-6839-6599</contrib-id>
          <xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff6"/>
        </contrib>
        <aff-alternatives id="aff6">
          <aff>
            <institution xml:lang="ru">Институт вулканологии и сейсмологии ДВО РАН (Петропавловск-Камчатский, Россия)</institution>
          </aff>
          <aff>
            <institution xml:lang="en">Institute of Volcanology and Seismology FEB RAS (Petropavlovsk-Kamchatsky, Russia)</institution>
          </aff>
        </aff-alternatives>
        <contrib contrib-type="author">
          <name name-style="eastern">
            <surname>Kuzmina</surname>
            <given-names>Anna A.</given-names>
          </name>
          <name-alternatives>
            <name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru">
              <surname>Кузьмина</surname>
              <given-names>А. А.</given-names>
            </name>
            <name name-style="western" xml:lang="en">
              <surname>Kuzmina</surname>
              <given-names>Anna A.</given-names>
            </name>
          </name-alternatives>
          <email>anastavalers@gmail.com</email>
          <contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">0000-0002-1428-6447</contrib-id>
          <xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff7"/>
        </contrib>
        <aff-alternatives id="aff7">
          <aff>
            <institution xml:lang="ru">Институт вулканологии и сейсмологии ДВО РАН (Петропавловск-Камчатский, Россия)</institution>
          </aff>
          <aff>
            <institution xml:lang="en">Institute of Volcanology and Seismology FEB RAS (Petropavlovsk-Kamchatsky, Russia)</institution>
          </aff>
        </aff-alternatives>
      </contrib-group>
      <pub-date pub-type="epub" iso-8601-date="2023-06-26">
        <day>26</day>
        <month>06</month>
        <year>2023</year>
      </pub-date>
      <pub-date date-type="collection">
        <year>2023</year>
      </pub-date>
      <volume>262</volume>
      <fpage>526</fpage>
      <lpage>540</lpage>
      <history>
        <date date-type="received" iso-8601-date="2022-04-13">
          <day>13</day>
          <month>04</month>
          <year>2022</year>
        </date>
        <date date-type="accepted" iso-8601-date="2023-02-15">
          <day>15</day>
          <month>02</month>
          <year>2023</year>
        </date>
        <date date-type="rev-recd" iso-8601-date="2023-08-28">
          <day>28</day>
          <month>08</month>
          <year>2023</year>
        </date>
      </history>
      <permissions>
        <copyright-statement>© Anastasia V. Sergeeva, Alexey V. Kiryukhin, Olga O. Usacheva, Tatiana V. Rychkova, Elena V. Kartasheva, Mariya A. Nazarova, Anna A. Kuzmina</copyright-statement>
        <copyright-year>2023</copyright-year>
        <copyright-holder xml:lang="ru">А. В. Сергеева, А. В. Кирюхин, О. О. Усачева, Т. В. Рычкова, Е. В. Карташева, М. А. Назарова, А. А. Кузьмина</copyright-holder>
        <copyright-holder xml:lang="en">Anastasia V. Sergeeva, Alexey V. Kiryukhin, Olga O. Usacheva, Tatiana V. Rychkova, Elena V. Kartasheva, Mariya A. Nazarova, Anna A. Kuzmina</copyright-holder>
        <license xlink:href="http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0">
          <license-p>CC BY 4.0</license-p>
        </license>
      </permissions>
      <self-uri xlink:type="simple" xlink:href="https://pmi.spmi.ru/pmi/article/view/15806">https://pmi.spmi.ru/pmi/article/view/15806</self-uri>
      <abstract xml:lang="ru">
        <p>Температура в продуктивном геотермальном резервуаре Долины гейзеров (Камчатка), рассчитанная по полевошпатовому Na-K-геотермометру, устойчиво повышается в течение последних 10 лет в среднем с 165 до 235 °С, что приближается к показателям гидротермального взрыва пароводяной смеси. Для анализа химических геотермометров использовано TOUGHREACT-моделирование, с помощью которого на одноэлементной модели воспроизведены ранее известный Na-K полевошпатовый геотермометр и получены новые формулы для трех Na-K-геотермометров: цеолитового, смектитового и на основе вулканического стекла. Химическая история 1968-2018 гг. по хлор-иону, который рассматривается в качестве инертного трассера геофильтрационных процессов, показывает, что после 2007 г. в гейзерный резервуар поступает значительное количество инфильтрационных вод (их массовая доля оценивается от 5 до 15 %). Предполагается, что повышенные показания Na-K полевошпатового геотермометра в последние годы не отражают возрастание температуры в гейзерном резервуаре, а являются эффектом разбавления смектитовыми водами.</p>
      </abstract>
      <abstract xml:lang="en">
        <p>The temperature in the Valley of Geysers (Kamchatka) geothermal reservoir calculated using the feldspar Na-K-geothermometer has been steadily increasing over the past 10 years on average from 165 to 235 °C, which is close to the temperature values of a hydrothermal explosion of the steam and water mixture. For the analysis of chemical geothermometers, TOUGHREACT-simulation was used, with the help of which the previously known Na-K feldspar geothermometer was reproduced on a single-element model and new formulas were obtained for three Na-K geothermometers: zeolite, smectite, and based on volcanic glass. Data of chemical analysis for the period 1968-2018, in which the chloride ion is considered as an inert tracer of geofiltration processes, indicates that after 2007 a significant inflow of infiltration water (its mass fraction is estimated from 5 to 15 %) into the Geyser reservoir. It is assumed that the Na-K increased values of the feldspar geothermometer are not the result of the temperature increase in the Geyser reservoir, but the effect of smectite water dilution.</p>
      </abstract>
      <kwd-group xml:lang="ru">
        <title>Ключевые слова</title>
        <kwd>TOUGHREACT-моделирование</kwd>
        <kwd>Долина гейзеров</kwd>
        <kwd>геотермометры</kwd>
        <kwd>цеолиты</kwd>
        <kwd>монтмориллонит</kwd>
        <kwd>геотермальный резервуар</kwd>
        <kwd>вулканическое стекло</kwd>
      </kwd-group>
      <kwd-group xml:lang="en">
        <title>Keywords</title>
        <kwd>TOUGHREACT-simulation</kwd>
        <kwd>Valley of Geysers</kwd>
        <kwd>geothermometers</kwd>
        <kwd>zeolites</kwd>
        <kwd>montmorillonite</kwd>
        <kwd>geothermal reservoir</kwd>
        <kwd>volcanic glass</kwd>
      </kwd-group>
      <funding-group>
        <funding-statement xml:lang="ru">Исследование выполнено при финансовой поддержке РФФИ и Научного и технологического исследователь-ского совета Японии в рамках научного проекта РФФИ № 21-55-50003 ЯФ_а «Магматический фракинг и флю-идные потоки в вулканических структурах» и НИР ИВиС ДВО РАН по теме № FWEW-2019-0002 «Тепломас-соперенос и сейсмичность в гидротермальных, магматических и геофлюидных системах, термогидродинамиче-ское-геохимическое-геомеханическое моделирование (TOUGH2, TOUGHREACT, C-FRAC), приложения для оценки геотермальных ресурсов и прогноза землетрясений»</funding-statement>
        <funding-statement xml:lang="en">The temperature in the Valley of Geysers (Kamchatka) geothermal reservoir calculated using the feldspar Na-K-geothermometer has been steadily increasing over the past 10 years on average from 165 to 235 °C, which is close to the temperature values of a hydrothermal explosion of the steam and water mixture. For the analysis of chemical geo-thermometers, TOUGHREACT-simulation was used, with the help of which the previously known Na-K feldspar geo-thermometer was reproduced on a single-element model and new formulas were obtained for three Na-K geothermome-ters: zeolite, smectite, and based on volcanic glass. Data of chemical analysis for the period 1968-2018, in which the chloride ion is considered as an inert tracer of geofiltration processes, indicates that after 2007 a significant inflow of in-filtration water (its mass fraction is estimated from 5 to 15 %) into the Geyser reservoir. It is assumed that the Na-K in-creased values of the feldspar geothermometer are not the result of the temperature increase in the Geyser reservoir, but the effect of smectite water dilution</funding-statement>
      </funding-group>
    </article-meta>
  </front>
  <body/>
  <back>
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