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    <journal-meta>
      <journal-id journal-id-type="issn">2411-3336</journal-id>
      <journal-id journal-id-type="eissn">2541-9404</journal-id>
      <journal-title-group>
        <journal-title xml:lang="ru">Записки Горного института</journal-title>
        <journal-title xml:lang="en">Journal of Mining Institute</journal-title>
      </journal-title-group>
      <publisher>
        <publisher-name xml:lang="ru">Санкт-Петербургский горный университет императрицы Екатерины ΙΙ</publisher-name>
        <publisher-name xml:lang="en">Empress Catherine II Saint Petersburg Mining University</publisher-name>
      </publisher>
    </journal-meta>
    <article-meta>
      <article-id pub-id-type="doi">10.31897/PMI.2022.43</article-id>
      <article-id custom-type="pmi" pub-id-type="custom">pmi-15781</article-id>
      <article-id pub-id-type="uri">https://pmi.spmi.ru/pmi/article/view/15781</article-id>
      <article-categories>
        <subj-group subj-group-type="section-heading" xml:lang="ru">
          <subject>Геология</subject>
        </subj-group>
        <subj-group subj-group-type="section-heading" xml:lang="en">
          <subject>Geology</subject>
        </subj-group>
      </article-categories>
      <title-group>
        <article-title xml:lang="en">Mullite production: phase transformations of kaolinite,  thermodynamics of the process</article-title>
        <trans-title-group xml:lang="ru">
          <trans-title>Получение муллита: фазовые трансформации каолинита,  термодинамика процесса</trans-title>
        </trans-title-group>
      </title-group>
      <contrib-group>
        <contrib contrib-type="author">
          <name name-style="eastern">
            <surname>Kotova</surname>
            <given-names>Olga B.</given-names>
          </name>
          <name-alternatives>
            <name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru">
              <surname>Котова</surname>
              <given-names>О. Б.</given-names>
            </name>
            <name name-style="western" xml:lang="en">
              <surname>Kotova</surname>
              <given-names>Olga B.</given-names>
            </name>
          </name-alternatives>
          <email>kotova@geo.komisc.ru</email>
          <contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">0000-0001-8448-3385</contrib-id>
          <xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff1"/>
        </contrib>
        <aff-alternatives id="aff1">
          <aff>
            <institution xml:lang="ru">Институт геологии Коми научного центра Уральского отделения РАН (Россия)</institution>
          </aff>
          <aff>
            <institution xml:lang="en">Institute of Geology Komi Science Center of Ural Branch of RAS (Russia)</institution>
          </aff>
        </aff-alternatives>
        <contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes">
          <name name-style="eastern">
            <surname>Ustyugov</surname>
            <given-names>Vladimir A.</given-names>
          </name>
          <name-alternatives>
            <name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru">
              <surname>Устюгов</surname>
              <given-names>В. А.</given-names>
            </name>
            <name name-style="western" xml:lang="en">
              <surname>Ustyugov</surname>
              <given-names>Vladimir A.</given-names>
            </name>
          </name-alternatives>
          <email>ustyugovva@gmail.com</email>
          <contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">0000-0002-2238-1858</contrib-id>
          <xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff2"/>
        </contrib>
        <aff-alternatives id="aff2">
          <aff>
            <institution xml:lang="ru">Сыктывкарский государственный университет им. Питирима Сорокина (Россия)</institution>
          </aff>
          <aff>
            <institution xml:lang="en">Pitirim Sorokin Syktyvkar State University (Russia)</institution>
          </aff>
        </aff-alternatives>
        <contrib contrib-type="author">
          <name name-style="eastern">
            <surname>Sun</surname>
            <given-names>Shiyong </given-names>
          </name>
          <name-alternatives>
            <name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru">
              <surname>Сан</surname>
              <given-names>Шиенг </given-names>
            </name>
            <name name-style="western" xml:lang="en">
              <surname>Sun</surname>
              <given-names>Shiyong </given-names>
            </name>
          </name-alternatives>
          <email>shiysun@163.com</email>
          <contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">0000-0001-5448-2701</contrib-id>
          <xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff3"/>
        </contrib>
        <aff-alternatives id="aff3">
          <aff>
            <institution xml:lang="ru">Институт неметаллических полезных ископаемых (Китай)</institution>
          </aff>
          <aff>
            <institution xml:lang="en">School of Environment and Resource (China)</institution>
          </aff>
        </aff-alternatives>
        <contrib contrib-type="author">
          <name name-style="eastern">
            <surname>Ponaryadov</surname>
            <given-names>Alexey V.</given-names>
          </name>
          <name-alternatives>
            <name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru">
              <surname>Понарядов</surname>
              <given-names>А. В.</given-names>
            </name>
            <name name-style="western" xml:lang="en">
              <surname>Ponaryadov</surname>
              <given-names>Alexey V.</given-names>
            </name>
          </name-alternatives>
          <email>avponaryadov@geo.komisc.ru</email>
          <contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">0000-0003-1166-2408</contrib-id>
          <xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff4"/>
        </contrib>
        <aff-alternatives id="aff4">
          <aff>
            <institution xml:lang="ru">Институт геологии Коми научного центра Уральского отделения РАН (Россия)</institution>
          </aff>
          <aff>
            <institution xml:lang="en">Institute of Geology Komi Science Center of Ural Branch of RAS (Russia)</institution>
          </aff>
        </aff-alternatives>
      </contrib-group>
      <pub-date pub-type="epub" iso-8601-date="2022-07-13">
        <day>13</day>
        <month>07</month>
        <year>2022</year>
      </pub-date>
      <pub-date date-type="collection">
        <year>2022</year>
      </pub-date>
      <volume>254</volume>
      <fpage>129</fpage>
      <lpage>135</lpage>
      <history>
        <date date-type="received" iso-8601-date="2022-04-14">
          <day>14</day>
          <month>04</month>
          <year>2022</year>
        </date>
        <date date-type="accepted" iso-8601-date="2022-07-21">
          <day>21</day>
          <month>07</month>
          <year>2022</year>
        </date>
        <date date-type="rev-recd" iso-8601-date="2022-07-13">
          <day>13</day>
          <month>07</month>
          <year>2022</year>
        </date>
      </history>
      <permissions>
        <copyright-statement xml:lang="ru">© 2022 О. Б. Котова, В. А. Устюгов, Шиенг  Сан, А. В. Понарядов</copyright-statement>
        <copyright-statement xml:lang="en">© 2022 Olga B. Kotova, Vladimir A. Ustyugov, Shiyong  Sun, Alexey V. Ponaryadov</copyright-statement>
        <copyright-year>2022</copyright-year>
        <copyright-holder xml:lang="ru">О. Б. Котова, В. А. Устюгов, Шиенг  Сан, А. В. Понарядов</copyright-holder>
        <copyright-holder xml:lang="en">Olga B. Kotova, Vladimir A. Ustyugov, Shiyong  Sun, Alexey V. Ponaryadov</copyright-holder>
        <license license-type="open-access" xlink:href="http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0" xml:lang="ru">
          <license-p>Эта статья доступна по лицензии Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International (CC BY 4.0)</license-p>
        </license>
        <license license-type="open-access" xlink:href="http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0" xml:lang="en">
          <license-p>This article is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License (CC BY 4.0)</license-p>
        </license>
      </permissions>
      <self-uri xlink:type="simple" xlink:href="https://pmi.spmi.ru/pmi/article/view/15781">https://pmi.spmi.ru/pmi/article/view/15781</self-uri>
      <abstract xml:lang="ru">
        <p>Рост потребности в муллитовом сырье, соответствующем промышленным требованиям, инициирует поиск его новых и альтернативных источников, а также эффективных технологий получения целевых продуктов (нанокомпозитов). В статье апробирован метод получения муллита из каолинита экспериментальным путем (Вежаю-Ворыквинское месторождение, Россия). Изучены структурные преобразования каолинита (системы Al-Si-O-Me), трансформации минеральных фаз и термодинамика процесса. На основе оценки термодинамики протекания реакций определена предпочтительная реакция образования муллита. Показано, что образование целевого продукта – муллитового нанокомпозита – имеет ряд промежуточных фаз (метакаолинит, псевдомуллит). Преобразования структуры исходного каолинита включают удаление структурной воды с разделением кремнекислородного тетраэдрического и алюмокислородного октаэдрического слоев, распад на свободные оксиды, разрыв связей между кремнекислородными тетраэдрами и частичное повышение координационного числа ионов алюминия, образование из свободных оксидов муллита и кристобалита. Предложенный подход контролирует соотношение фаз Аl2О3 и SiO2 на определенных этапах, что в дальнейшем позволит улучшить механические и другие свойства матрицы получаемого сырья для целевых прототипов промышленных продуктов.</p>
      </abstract>
      <abstract xml:lang="en">
        <p>The growing demand for mullite raw materials, which meet industrial requirements originates the search for new and alternative sources, as well as efficient technologies for obtaining the target products (nanocomposites). The article suggests a method for obtaining mullite from kaolinite experimentally (Vezhayu-Vorykvinsky deposit, Russia). Structural kaolinite transformations (Al-Si-O-Me system), mineral phases transformations, and thermodynamics of the process have been studied. Based on the estimation of the thermodynamics of the reactions, the preferable reaction of mullite formation was determined. The article shows, that formation of the target product, mullite nanocomposite, has several intermediate phases (metakaolinite, pseudomullite). The transformations of the initial kaolinite structure include the removal of structural water and separation of the silica-oxygen tetrahedral and alumina-oxygen octahedral layers, the decomposition into free oxides, breaking of bonds between the silica-oxygen tetrahedrons and the partial increase in the coordination number of aluminium ions, the formation of mullite and cristobalite from free oxides. The proposed approach controls the ratio of Al2O3 and SiO2 phases at certain stages, which will further improve the mechanical and other properties of the matrix of the obtained raw materials for the target prototypes of industrial products.</p>
      </abstract>
      <kwd-group xml:lang="ru">
        <title>Ключевые слова</title>
        <kwd>каолинит</kwd>
        <kwd>фазовые трансформации</kwd>
        <kwd>муллит</kwd>
        <kwd>термодинамика</kwd>
        <kwd>алюмосиликатных систем</kwd>
        <kwd>нанокомпозиты</kwd>
      </kwd-group>
      <kwd-group xml:lang="en">
        <title>Keywords</title>
        <kwd>kaolinite</kwd>
        <kwd>phase transformations</kwd>
        <kwd>mullite</kwd>
        <kwd>thermodynamics</kwd>
        <kwd>aluminosilicate systems</kwd>
        <kwd>nanocomposites</kwd>
      </kwd-group>
    </article-meta>
  </front>
  <body/>
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