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  <front>
    <journal-meta>
      <journal-id journal-id-type="issn">2411-3336</journal-id>
      <journal-id journal-id-type="eissn">2541-9404</journal-id>
      <journal-title-group>
        <journal-title xml:lang="ru">Записки Горного института</journal-title>
        <journal-title xml:lang="en">Journal of Mining Institute</journal-title>
      </journal-title-group>
      <publisher>
        <publisher-name xml:lang="ru">Санкт-Петербургский горный университет императрицы Екатерины ΙΙ</publisher-name>
        <publisher-name xml:lang="en">Empress Catherine II Saint Petersburg Mining University</publisher-name>
      </publisher>
    </journal-meta>
    <article-meta>
      <article-id custom-type="edn" pub-id-type="custom">ZBZTKN</article-id>
      <article-id custom-type="pmi" pub-id-type="custom">pmi-15764</article-id>
      <article-id pub-id-type="uri">https://pmi.spmi.ru/pmi/article/view/15764</article-id>
      <article-categories>
        <subj-group subj-group-type="section-heading" xml:lang="ru">
          <subject>Геотехнология и инженерная геология</subject>
        </subj-group>
        <subj-group subj-group-type="section-heading" xml:lang="en">
          <subject>Geotechnical Engineering and Engineering Geology</subject>
        </subj-group>
      </article-categories>
      <title-group>
        <article-title xml:lang="en">Impact of carbon dioxide on the main geotechnical quality criteria and preparation cost of cemented paste backfill</article-title>
        <trans-title-group xml:lang="ru">
          <trans-title>Влияние углекислого газа на основные геотехнические критерии качества и стоимость приготовления закладки из цементной пасты</trans-title>
        </trans-title-group>
      </title-group>
      <contrib-group>
        <contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes">
          <name name-style="eastern">
            <surname>Bukasa</surname>
            <given-names>Pitchou M.</given-names>
          </name>
          <name-alternatives>
            <name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru">
              <surname>Букаса</surname>
              <given-names>П. М.</given-names>
            </name>
            <name name-style="western" xml:lang="en">
              <surname>Bukasa</surname>
              <given-names>Pitchou M.</given-names>
            </name>
          </name-alternatives>
          <email>pitchoubukasa@gmail.com</email>
          <contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">0000-0001-6088-1135</contrib-id>
          <xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff1"/>
        </contrib>
        <aff-alternatives id="aff1">
          <aff>
            <institution xml:lang="ru">Университет Намибии (Виндхук, Намибия)</institution>
          </aff>
          <aff>
            <institution xml:lang="en">University of Namibia (Windhoek, Namibia)</institution>
          </aff>
        </aff-alternatives>
        <contrib contrib-type="author">
          <name name-style="eastern">
            <surname>Mashingaidze</surname>
            <given-names>Melvin M.</given-names>
          </name>
          <name-alternatives>
            <name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru">
              <surname>Машингаидзе</surname>
              <given-names>М. М.</given-names>
            </name>
            <name name-style="western" xml:lang="en">
              <surname>Mashingaidze</surname>
              <given-names>Melvin M.</given-names>
            </name>
          </name-alternatives>
          <email>pbukasam@unam.na</email>
          <contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">0000-0002-7558-8369</contrib-id>
          <xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff2"/>
        </contrib>
        <aff-alternatives id="aff2">
          <aff>
            <institution xml:lang="ru">Университет Намибии (Виндхук, Намибия)</institution>
          </aff>
          <aff>
            <institution xml:lang="en">University of Namibia (Windhoek, Namibia)</institution>
          </aff>
        </aff-alternatives>
        <contrib contrib-type="author">
          <name name-style="eastern">
            <surname>Simasiku</surname>
            <given-names>Simasiku L.</given-names>
          </name>
          <name-alternatives>
            <name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru">
              <surname>Симасику</surname>
              <given-names>С. Л.</given-names>
            </name>
            <name name-style="western" xml:lang="en">
              <surname>Simasiku</surname>
              <given-names>Simasiku L.</given-names>
            </name>
          </name-alternatives>
          <email>pbukasam@unam.na</email>
          <contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">0000-0003-2434-5604</contrib-id>
          <xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff3"/>
        </contrib>
        <aff-alternatives id="aff3">
          <aff>
            <institution xml:lang="ru">Университет Намибии (Виндхук, Намибия)</institution>
          </aff>
          <aff>
            <institution xml:lang="en">University of Namibia (Windhoek, Namibia)</institution>
          </aff>
        </aff-alternatives>
      </contrib-group>
      <pub-date pub-type="epub" iso-8601-date="2023-08-29">
        <day>29</day>
        <month>08</month>
        <year>2023</year>
      </pub-date>
      <pub-date date-type="collection">
        <year>2024</year>
      </pub-date>
      <volume>265</volume>
      <fpage>45</fpage>
      <lpage>54</lpage>
      <history>
        <date date-type="received" iso-8601-date="2022-05-20">
          <day>20</day>
          <month>05</month>
          <year>2022</year>
        </date>
        <date date-type="accepted" iso-8601-date="2023-04-03">
          <day>03</day>
          <month>04</month>
          <year>2023</year>
        </date>
        <date date-type="rev-recd" iso-8601-date="2024-02-29">
          <day>29</day>
          <month>02</month>
          <year>2024</year>
        </date>
      </history>
      <permissions>
        <copyright-statement xml:lang="ru">© 2023 П. М. Букаса, М. М. Машингаидзе, С. Л. Симасику</copyright-statement>
        <copyright-statement xml:lang="en">© 2023 Pitchou M. Bukasa, Melvin M. Mashingaidze, Simasiku L. Simasiku</copyright-statement>
        <copyright-year>2023</copyright-year>
        <copyright-holder xml:lang="ru">П. М. Букаса, М. М. Машингаидзе, С. Л. Симасику</copyright-holder>
        <copyright-holder xml:lang="en">Pitchou M. Bukasa, Melvin M. Mashingaidze, Simasiku L. Simasiku</copyright-holder>
        <license license-type="open-access" xlink:href="http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0" xml:lang="ru">
          <license-p>Эта статья доступна по лицензии Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International (CC BY 4.0)</license-p>
        </license>
        <license license-type="open-access" xlink:href="http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0" xml:lang="en">
          <license-p>This article is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License (CC BY 4.0)</license-p>
        </license>
      </permissions>
      <self-uri xlink:type="simple" xlink:href="https://pmi.spmi.ru/pmi/article/view/15764">https://pmi.spmi.ru/pmi/article/view/15764</self-uri>
      <abstract xml:lang="ru">
        <p>В настоящее время наблюдается глобальный рост использования цементированной пасты (цементной твердеющей закладки) при выполнении различных горных работ. Поскольку стоимость связующего портландцемента достаточно высока, необходимы решения, позволяющие сократить использование цемента без чрезмерного снижения качества цементополимерных бетонов (ЦПБ). Поскольку диоксид углерода используется в запатентованных процессах формовки песка, данное исследование основано на физико-химической способности CO2 улучшать затвердевание консолидированных неорганических материалов. Оценивались влияние диоксида углерода на одноосное сжатие (UCS) и стоимость подготовки стандартных образцов CPB (ASTM C109). Стоимость подготовки ограничивалась стоимостью портландцемента. Материалом для закладки служили хвосты из кварцевого песка с 4,5 % портландцемента в качестве связующего вещества и водоцементным отношением 7,6. Для контрольных образцов использовалась дистиллированная вода с pH 5,4, а переменное количество углекислого газа растворялось в дистиллированной воде для получения насыщенной углекислым газом воды со значениями pH 3,8; 4 и 4,2. Чем ниже pH насыщенной углекислым газом воды, тем выше концентрация CO2. Испытания UCS проводились на образцах после затвердевания в течение 3, 7, 28 и 90 дней. Наблюдалось увеличение прочности и сокращение времени затвердевания при увеличении концентрации углекислого газа. Образцы, приготовленные на насыщенной углекислым газом воде с pH 3,8, имели почти вдвое большую прочность, чем образцы, приготовленные на дистиллированной воде с pH 5,4. Это означает, что большее количество растворенного CO2 соответствует более высокой прочности ЦПБ, что подтверждается уравнениями линии тренда для графического моделирования зависимости прочности от времени затвердевания. Можно ожидать, что при включении диоксида углерода ЦПБ с гораздо меньшим количеством связующего вещества достигнет требуемого UCS. Экономия затрат равна среднему снижению расхода портландцемента в 0,61 %. При расчете на весь срок эксплуатации рудника это дает значительную экономию в миллионы долларов.</p>
      </abstract>
      <abstract xml:lang="en">
        <p>There is a global upsurge in the use of cemented paste backfill (CPB) for various mining functions. However, the cost of the Portland cement binder is prohibitive, thus warranting strategies to reduce cement usage without overly diminishing the CPB quality. Since carbon dioxide is used for patented sand moulding processes, this study is premised on that physicochemical ability of CO2 to enhance the curing of consolidated inorganic materials. It evaluated the impact of carbon dioxide on the uniaxial compressive strength UCS and preparation cost of CPB standard samples (ASTM C109). The preparation cost was delimited to the purchase cost of the Portland cement. The backfill material was silica sand tailings with 4.5 wt.% Portland cement binder and a water-cement ratio of 7.6. Distilled water of pH 5.4 was used for the control samples while variable amounts of carbon dioxide were dissolved in distilled water to generate carbonated mixing water with pH values of 3.8; 4 and 4.2. The lower the carbonated water pH, the higher is the CO2 concentration. UCS tests were conducted on the samples after curing for 3, 7, 28, and 90 days. There was an observable increase in the UCSs and reduction in curing time with increasing carbon dioxide. Samples prepared with carbonated water of pH 3.8 had almost double the strength of those prepared with pure distilled water of pH 5.4, implying that more dissolved CO2 corresponds to higher CPB strength. This is supported by the trendline equations for the graphical simulation of strength on curing time. Thus, CPB with much less binder can be expected to attain the requisite UCS if carbon dioxide is incorporated. The average reduction in Portland cement consumption was 0.61 %, which translates to a cost saving of the same percentage points. If calculated over the operational life of a mine, this is a massive saving of millions of dollars.</p>
      </abstract>
      <kwd-group xml:lang="ru">
        <title>Ключевые слова</title>
        <kwd>цементная твердеющая закладка</kwd>
        <kwd>ЦПБ</kwd>
        <kwd>время затвердевания</kwd>
        <kwd>прочность при одноосном  сжатии</kwd>
        <kwd>расход связующего вещества</kwd>
        <kwd>секвестрация углекислого газа</kwd>
        <kwd>управление хвостохранилищами</kwd>
      </kwd-group>
      <kwd-group xml:lang="en">
        <title>Keywords</title>
        <kwd>cemented paste backfill</kwd>
        <kwd>CPB</kwd>
        <kwd>curing time</kwd>
        <kwd>uniaxial compressive strength</kwd>
        <kwd>binder consumption</kwd>
        <kwd>carbon  dioxide sequestration</kwd>
        <kwd>tailings management</kwd>
      </kwd-group>
    </article-meta>
  </front>
  <body/>
  <back>
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