<?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?>
<article xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink" xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" dtd-version="1.4" article-type="research-article">
  <front>
    <journal-meta>
      <journal-id journal-id-type="issn">2411-3336</journal-id>
      <journal-id journal-id-type="eissn">2541-9404</journal-id>
      <journal-title-group>
        <journal-title xml:lang="ru">Записки Горного института</journal-title>
        <journal-title xml:lang="en">Journal of Mining Institute</journal-title>
      </journal-title-group>
      <publisher>
        <publisher-name xml:lang="ru">Санкт-Петербургский горный университет императрицы Екатерины ΙΙ</publisher-name>
        <publisher-name xml:lang="en">Empress Catherine II Saint Petersburg Mining University</publisher-name>
      </publisher>
    </journal-meta>
    <article-meta>
      <article-id custom-type="edn" pub-id-type="custom">WEJUBT</article-id>
      <article-id custom-type="pmi" pub-id-type="custom">pmi-15699</article-id>
      <article-id pub-id-type="uri">https://pmi.spmi.ru/pmi/article/view/15699</article-id>
      <article-categories>
        <subj-group subj-group-type="section-heading" xml:lang="ru">
          <subject>Геотехнология и инженерная геология</subject>
        </subj-group>
        <subj-group subj-group-type="section-heading" xml:lang="en">
          <subject>Geotechnical Engineering and Engineering Geology</subject>
        </subj-group>
      </article-categories>
      <title-group>
        <article-title xml:lang="en">A new formula for calculating the required thickness of the frozen wall based on the strength criterion</article-title>
        <trans-title-group xml:lang="ru">
          <trans-title>Разработка новой формулы для расчета требуемой толщины ледопородного ограждения по условию прочности</trans-title>
        </trans-title-group>
      </title-group>
      <contrib-group>
        <contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes">
          <name name-style="eastern">
            <surname>Semin</surname>
            <given-names>Mikhail А.</given-names>
          </name>
          <name-alternatives>
            <name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru">
              <surname>Семин</surname>
              <given-names>М. А.</given-names>
            </name>
            <name name-style="western" xml:lang="en">
              <surname>Semin</surname>
              <given-names>Mikhail А.</given-names>
            </name>
          </name-alternatives>
          <email>seminma@inbox.ru</email>
          <contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">0000-0001-5200-7931</contrib-id>
          <xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff1"/>
        </contrib>
        <aff-alternatives id="aff1">
          <aff>
            <institution xml:lang="ru">Горный институт УрО РАН (Пермь, Россия)</institution>
          </aff>
          <aff>
            <institution xml:lang="en">Mining Institute of the Ural Branch of the RAS (Perm, Russia)</institution>
          </aff>
        </aff-alternatives>
        <contrib contrib-type="author">
          <name name-style="eastern">
            <surname>Levin</surname>
            <given-names>Lev Yu.</given-names>
          </name>
          <name-alternatives>
            <name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru">
              <surname>Левин</surname>
              <given-names>Л. Ю.</given-names>
            </name>
            <name name-style="western" xml:lang="en">
              <surname>Levin</surname>
              <given-names>Lev Yu.</given-names>
            </name>
          </name-alternatives>
          <email>aerolog_lev@mail.ru</email>
          <contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">0000-0003-0767-9207</contrib-id>
          <xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff2"/>
        </contrib>
        <aff-alternatives id="aff2">
          <aff>
            <institution xml:lang="ru">Горный институт УрО РАН (Пермь, Россия)</institution>
          </aff>
          <aff>
            <institution xml:lang="en">Mining Institute of the Ural Branch of the RAS (Perm, Russia)</institution>
          </aff>
        </aff-alternatives>
      </contrib-group>
      <pub-date pub-type="epub" iso-8601-date="2024-06-04">
        <day>04</day>
        <month>06</month>
        <year>2024</year>
      </pub-date>
      <pub-date date-type="collection">
        <year>2024</year>
      </pub-date>
      <volume>268</volume>
      <fpage>656</fpage>
      <lpage>668</lpage>
      <history>
        <date date-type="received" iso-8601-date="2021-12-20">
          <day>20</day>
          <month>12</month>
          <year>2021</year>
        </date>
        <date date-type="accepted" iso-8601-date="2024-05-02">
          <day>02</day>
          <month>05</month>
          <year>2024</year>
        </date>
        <date date-type="rev-recd" iso-8601-date="2024-08-26">
          <day>26</day>
          <month>08</month>
          <year>2024</year>
        </date>
      </history>
      <permissions>
        <copyright-statement>© Mikhail А. Semin, Lev Yu. Levin</copyright-statement>
        <copyright-year>2024</copyright-year>
        <copyright-holder xml:lang="ru">М. А. Семин, Л. Ю. Левин</copyright-holder>
        <copyright-holder xml:lang="en">Mikhail А. Semin, Lev Yu. Levin</copyright-holder>
        <license xlink:href="http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0">
          <license-p>CC BY 4.0</license-p>
        </license>
      </permissions>
      <self-uri xlink:type="simple" xlink:href="https://pmi.spmi.ru/pmi/article/view/15699">https://pmi.spmi.ru/pmi/article/view/15699</self-uri>
      <abstract xml:lang="ru">
        <p>Исследована задача об упругопластическом деформировании ледопородного ограждения (ЛПО) с неограниченной высотой заходки, впервые сформулированная С.С.Вяловым. Проанализированы поля напряжений и перемещений, возникающих в ЛПО в результате приложения внешних нагрузок для нескольких пограничных ситуаций – зарождения зоны пластических деформаций и распространения этой зоны на всю толщину ЛПО. Распространение зоны пластических деформаций соответствует предельному равновесию ЛПО, для которого С.С.Вялов вывел формулу толщины ЛПО по условию прочности. Полученные результаты послужили отправной точкой для перехода от одномерной к двухмерной задаче о деформировании ЛПО с конечной высотой заходки. Проведено численное моделирование деформирования ЛПО при помощи ПО FreeFEM++ в двухмерной осесимметричной постановке – в рамках двух расчетных схем с различными граничными условиями на верхнем торце ЛПО. В первой схеме фиксировались как вертикальные, так и радиальные перемещения на всем верхнем торце, а во второй схеме на верхнем торце задавалась вертикальная нагрузка, соответствующая весу вышележащих пород. По результатам исследований предложена модификация формулы С.С.Вялова, основанная на критерии прочности Мора – Кулона и включающая в себя новый параметр – высоту заходки. Для различных слоев пород определены условия, при которых конечная высота заходки не оказывает значительного влияния на расчетную толщину ЛПО, что позволяет применять классическую формулу С.С.Вялова для расчета толщины ЛПО по условию прочности, предполагая неограниченную высоту заходки.</p>
      </abstract>
      <abstract xml:lang="en">
        <p>The study delves into the elastoplastic deformation of a frozen wall (FW) with an unrestricted advance height, initially articulated by S.S.Vyalov. It scrutinizes the stress and displacement fields within the FW induced by external loads across various boundary scenarios, notably focusing on the inception and propagation of a plastic deformation zone throughout the FW's thickness. This delineation of the plastic deformation zone aligns with the FW's state of equilibrium, for which S.S.Vyalov derived a formula for FW thickness based on the strength criterion. These findings serve as a pivotal launchpad for the shift from a one-dimensional (1D) to a two-dimensional (2D) exploration of FW system deformation with finite advance height. The numerical simulation of FW deformation employs FreeFEM++ software, adopting a 2D axisymmetric approach and exploring two design schemes with distinct boundary conditions at the FW cylinder's upper base. The initial scheme fixes both vertical and radial displacements at the upper base, while the latter applies a vertical load equivalent to the weight of overlying soil layers. Building upon the research outcomes, a refined version of S.S.Vyalov's formula emerges, integrating the Mohr – Coulomb strength criterion and introducing a novel parameter – the advance height. The study elucidates conditions across various soil layers wherein the ultimate advance height minimally impacts the calculated FW thickness. This enables the pragmatic utilization of S.S.Vyalov's classical formula for FW thickness computation, predicated on the strength criterion and assuming an unrestricted advance height.</p>
      </abstract>
      <kwd-group xml:lang="ru">
        <title>Ключевые слова</title>
        <kwd>ледопородное ограждение</kwd>
        <kwd>искусственное замораживание пород</kwd>
        <kwd>напряженно-деформированное состояние</kwd>
        <kwd>предельное равновесие</kwd>
        <kwd>критерий Мора – Кулона</kwd>
        <kwd>статический расчет</kwd>
        <kwd>моделирование</kwd>
        <kwd>FreeFEM</kwd>
      </kwd-group>
      <kwd-group xml:lang="en">
        <title>Keywords</title>
        <kwd>frozen wall</kwd>
        <kwd>artificial ground freezing</kwd>
        <kwd>stress-strain state</kwd>
        <kwd>ultimate equilibrium</kwd>
        <kwd>Mohr – Coulomb criterion</kwd>
        <kwd>mechanical analysis</kwd>
        <kwd>modeling</kwd>
        <kwd>FreeFEM</kwd>
      </kwd-group>
      <funding-group>
        <funding-statement xml:lang="ru">Работа выполнена при финансовой поддержке Министерства высшего образования и науки РФ в рамках проекта № 122030100425-6.</funding-statement>
        <funding-statement xml:lang="en">The study was carried out with financial support from the Ministry of Higher Education and Science of the Russian Federation within the framework of project N 122030100425-6.</funding-statement>
      </funding-group>
    </article-meta>
  </front>
  <body/>
  <back>
    <ref-list>
      <ref id="ref1">
        <label>1</label>
        <mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Шуплик М.Н. Анализ специальных способов строительства подземных сооружений в городских условиях // Горный информационно-аналитический бюллетень. 2014. № S1. С. 523-546.</mixed-citation>
        <mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Shuplik M.N. Analysis of special methods of construction in urban conditions. Mining Informational and Analytical Bulletin. 2014. N S1, p. 523-546 (in Russian).</mixed-citation>
      </ref>
      <ref id="ref2">
        <label>2</label>
        <mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Ehringhausen N., Schweppe G., te Kamp L., Akinshin I. Numerical Simulation of Shaft Sinking Using the Artificial Freezing Method // Mining Report. 2021. Vol. 157. Iss. 4. P. 350-359.</mixed-citation>
        <mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Ehringhausen N., Schweppe G., te Kamp L., Akinshin I. Numerical Simulation of Shaft Sinking Using the Artificial Freezing Method. Mining Report. 2021. Vol. 157. Iss. 4, p. 350-359. </mixed-citation>
      </ref>
      <ref id="ref3">
        <label>3</label>
        <mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Барях А.А., Евсеев А.В. Ликвидация калийных рудников и соляных шахт: обзор и анализ проблемы // Горный информационно-аналитический бюллетень. 2019. № 9. С. 5-29. DOI: 10.25018/0236-1493-2019-09-0-5-29</mixed-citation>
        <mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Baryah A.A., Evseev A.V. Closure of potash and salt mines: Review and analysis of the problem. Mining Informational and Analytical Bulletin. 2019. N 9, p. 5-29 (in Russian). DOI: 10.25018/0236-1493-2019-09-0-5-29</mixed-citation>
      </ref>
      <ref id="ref4">
        <label>4</label>
        <mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Ольховиков Ю.П. Крепь капитальных выработок калийных и соляных рудников. М.: Недра, 1984. 238 с.</mixed-citation>
        <mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Olkhovikov Yu.P. Lining of Underground Workings in Potash and Salt Mines. Moscow: Nedra, 1984, p. 238 (in Russian).</mixed-citation>
      </ref>
      <ref id="ref5">
        <label>5</label>
        <mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Семин М.А., Бровка Г.П., Пугин А.В. и др. Исследование влияния неоднородности поля температур на прочность ледопородных ограждений стволов шахт // Горный информационно-аналитический бюллетень. 2021. № 9. С. 79-93. DOI: 10.25018/0236_1493_2021_9_0_79</mixed-citation>
        <mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Semin M.A., Brovka G.P., Pugin A.V. et al. Effects of temperature field nonuniformity on strength of frozen wall in mine shafts. Mining Informational and Analytical Bulletin. 2021. N 9, p. 79-93 (in Russian). DOI: 10.25018/0236_1493_2021_9_0_79</mixed-citation>
      </ref>
      <ref id="ref6">
        <label>6</label>
        <mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Казикаев Д.М., Сергеев С.В. Диагностика и мониторинг напряженного состояния крепи вертикальных стволов. М.: Горная книга, 2011. 244 с.</mixed-citation>
        <mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Kazikaev D.M., Sergeev S.V. Diagnostics and monitoring of the stress state of vertical shaft lining. Moscow: Gornaya kniga, 2011, p. 244 (in Russian).</mixed-citation>
      </ref>
      <ref id="ref7">
        <label>7</label>
        <mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Song Zhang, Zurun Yue, Xiangzhong Lu et al. Model test and numerical simulation of foundation pit constructions using the combined artificial ground freezing method // Cold Regions Science and Technology. 2023. Vol. 205. № 103700. DOI: 10.1016/j.coldregions.2022.103700</mixed-citation>
        <mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Song Zhang, Zurun Yue, Xiangzhong Lu et al. Model test and numerical simulation of foundation pit constructions using the combined artificial ground freezing method. Cold Regions Science and Technology. 2023. Vol. 205. N 103700. DOI: 10.1016/j.coldregions.2022.103700</mixed-citation>
      </ref>
      <ref id="ref8">
        <label>8</label>
        <mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Семин М.А., Левин Л.Ю. Методы расчета искусственного замораживания пород при строительстве шахтных стволов. М.: Научный мир, 2021. 152 с.</mixed-citation>
        <mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Semin M.A., Levin L.Yu. Methods for calculating artificial ground freezing during the construction of mine shafts. Moscow: Nauchnyi mir, 2021, p. 152 (in Russian).</mixed-citation>
      </ref>
      <ref id="ref9">
        <label>9</label>
        <mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Коврижных А.М., Усольцева О.М., Коврижных С.А. и др. Исследование прочности анизотропных горных пород в условиях осевого сжатия с боковым давлением // Физико-технические проблемы разработки полезных ископаемых. 2017. № 5. С. 37-43. DOI: 10.15372/FTPRPI20170505</mixed-citation>
        <mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Kovrizhnykh A.M., Usoltseva O.M., Kovrizhnykh S.A. et al. Investigation of Strength of Anisotropic Rocks under Axial Compression and Lateral Pressure. Journal of Mining Science. 2017. Vol. 53. N 5, p. 831-836. DOI: 10.1134/S1062739117052849</mixed-citation>
      </ref>
      <ref id="ref10">
        <label>10</label>
        <mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Левин Л.Ю., Семин М.А., Плехов О.А. Сравнительный анализ существующих методов расчета толщины ледопородного ограждения строящихся шахтных стволов // Вестник ПНИПУ. Строительство и архитектура. 2018. Т. 9. №. 4. С. 93-103. DOI: 10.15593/2224-9826/2018.4.09</mixed-citation>
        <mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Levin L.Yu., Semin M.A., Plekhov O.A. Comparative analysis of existing methods for calculating frozen wall thickness for mine shafts under construction. Bulletin of PNRPU. Construction and Architecture. 2018. Vol. 9. N 4, p. 93-103 (in Russian). DOI: 10.15593/2224-9826/2018.4.09</mixed-citation>
      </ref>
      <ref id="ref11">
        <label>11</label>
        <mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Chenchen Hu, Zhijiang Yang, Tao Han, Weihao Yang. Calculation Method of the Design Thickness of a Frozen Wall with Its Inner Edge Radially Incompletely Unloaded // Applied Sciences. 2023. Vol. 13. Iss. 23. № 12650. DOI: 10.3390/app132312650</mixed-citation>
        <mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Chenchen Hu, Zhijiang Yang, Tao Han, Weihao Yang. Calculation Method of the Design Thickness of a Frozen Wall with Its Inner Edge Radially Incompletely Unloaded. Applied Sciences. 2023. Vol. 13. Iss. 23. N 12650. DOI: 10.3390/app132312650</mixed-citation>
      </ref>
      <ref id="ref12">
        <label>12</label>
        <mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Sanger F.J., Sayles F.H. Thermal and rheological computations for artificially frozen ground construction // Engineering Geology. 1979. Vol. 13. Iss. 1-4. P. 311-337. DOI: 10.1016/0013-7952(79)90040-1</mixed-citation>
        <mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Sanger F.J., Sayles F.H. Thermal and rheological computations for artificially frozen ground construction. Engineering Geology. 1979. Vol. 13. Iss. 1-4, p. 311-337. DOI: 10.1016/0013-7952(79)90040-1</mixed-citation>
      </ref>
      <ref id="ref13">
        <label>13</label>
        <mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Yang Wei-hao, Du Zi-bo, Yang Zhi-jiang, Bo Dong-liang. Plastic design theory of frozen soil wall based on interaction between frozen soil wall and surrounding rock // Chinese Journal of Geotechnical Engineering. 2013. Vol. 35. Iss. 10. P. 1857-1862.</mixed-citation>
        <mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Yang Wei-hao, Du Zi-bo, Yang Zhi-jiang, Bo Dong-liang. Plastic design theory of frozen soil wall based on interaction between frozen soil wall and surrounding rock. Chinese Journal of Geotechnical Engineering. 2013. Vol. 35. Iss. 10, p. 1857-1862.</mixed-citation>
      </ref>
      <ref id="ref14">
        <label>14</label>
        <mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Bo Zhang, Weihao Yang, Baosheng Wang. Plastic Design Theory of Frozen Wall Thickness in an Ultradeep Soil Layer Considering Large Deformation Characteristics // Mathematical Problems in Engineering. 2018. Vol. 2018. № 8513413. DOI: 10.1155/2018/8513413</mixed-citation>
        <mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Bo Zhang, Weihao Yang, Baosheng Wang. Plastic Design Theory of Frozen Wall Thickness in an Ultradeep Soil Layer Considering Large Deformation Characteristics. Mathematical Problems in Engineering. 2018. Vol. 2018. N 8513413. DOI: 10.1155/2018/8513413</mixed-citation>
      </ref>
      <ref id="ref15">
        <label>15</label>
        <mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Akhtar S., Li B. Numerical Analysis of Pipeline Uplift Resistance in Frozen Clay Soil Considering Hybrid Tensile-Shear Yield Behaviors // International Journal of Geosynthetics and Ground Engineering. 2020. Vol. 6. Iss. 4. № 47. DOI: 10.1007/s40891-020-00228-9</mixed-citation>
        <mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Akhtar S., Li B. Numerical Analysis of Pipeline Uplift Resistance in Frozen Clay Soil Considering Hybrid Tensile-Shear Yield Behaviors. International Journal of Geosynthetics and Ground Engineering. 2020. Vol. 6. Iss. 4. N 47. DOI: 10.1007/s40891-020-00228-9</mixed-citation>
      </ref>
      <ref id="ref16">
        <label>16</label>
        <mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Xingyan Liu, Enlong Liu. Application of new twin-shear unified strength criterion to frozen soil // Cold Regions Science and Technology. 2019. Vol. 167. № 102857. DOI: 10.1016/j.coldregions.2019.102857</mixed-citation>
        <mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Xingyan Liu, Enlong Liu. Application of new twin-shear unified strength criterion to frozen soil. Cold Regions Science and Technology. 2019. Vol. 167. N 102857. DOI: 10.1016/j.coldregions.2019.102857</mixed-citation>
      </ref>
      <ref id="ref17">
        <label>17</label>
        <mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Jilin Qi, Wei Ma. A new criterion for strength of frozen sand under quick triaxial compression considering effect of confining pressure // Acta Geotechnica. 2007. Vol. 2. Iss. 3. P. 221-226. DOI: 10.1007/s11440-007-0034-z</mixed-citation>
        <mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Jilin Qi, Wei Ma. A new criterion for strength of frozen sand under quick triaxial compression considering effect of confining pressure. Acta Geotechnica. 2007. Vol. 2. Iss. 3, p. 221-226. DOI: 10.1007/s11440-007-0034-z</mixed-citation>
      </ref>
      <ref id="ref18">
        <label>18</label>
        <mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Pouragha M., Jebeli M., Glade R. Failure of partially saturated frozen soils: A micromechanical analysis // Cold Regions Science and Technology. 2023. Vol. 210. № 103842. DOI: 10.1016/j.coldregions.2023.103842</mixed-citation>
        <mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Pouragha M., Jebeli M., Glade R. Failure of partially saturated frozen soils: A micromechanical analysis. Cold Regions Science and Technology. 2023. Vol. 210. N 103842. DOI: 10.1016/j.coldregions.2023.103842</mixed-citation>
      </ref>
      <ref id="ref19">
        <label>19</label>
        <mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Dongwei Li, Xin Yang, Junhao Chen. A study of Triaxial creep test and yield criterion of artificial frozen soil under unloading stress paths // Cold Regions Science and Technology. 2017. Vol. 141. P. 163-170.</mixed-citation>
        <mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Dongwei Li, Xin Yang, Junhao Chen. A study of Triaxial creep test and yield criterion of artificial frozen soil under unloading stress paths. Cold Regions Science and Technology. 2017. Vol. 141, p. 163-170.</mixed-citation>
      </ref>
      <ref id="ref20">
        <label>20</label>
        <mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Kostina A., Zhelnin M., Plekhov O. et al. An Applicability of Vyalov’s equations to ice wall strength estimation // Frattura ed Integrità Strutturale. 2020. Vol. 14 (53). P. 394-405. DOI: 10.3221/igf-esis.53.30</mixed-citation>
        <mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Kostina A., Zhelnin M., Plekhov O. et al. An Applicability of Vyalov’s equations to ice wall strength estimation. Frattura ed Integrità Strutturale. 2020. Vol. 14 (53), p. 394-405. DOI: 10.3221/igf-esis.53.30</mixed-citation>
      </ref>
      <ref id="ref21">
        <label>21</label>
        <mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Feng Hou, Yuanming Lai, Enlong Liu et al. A creep constitutive model for frozen soils with different contents of coarse grains // Cold Regions Science and Technology. 2018. Vol. 145. P. 119-126. DOI: 10.1016/j.coldregions.2017.10.013</mixed-citation>
        <mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Feng Hou, Yuanming Lai, Enlong Liu et al. A creep constitutive model for frozen soils with different contents of coarse grains. Cold Regions Science and Technology. 2018. Vol. 145, p. 119-126. DOI: 10.1016/j.coldregions.2017.10.013</mixed-citation>
      </ref>
      <ref id="ref22">
        <label>22</label>
        <mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Li Dong-Wei, Fan Ju-Hong, Wang Ren-He. Research on visco-elastic-plastic creep model of artificially frozen soil under high confining pressures // Cold Regions Science and Technology. 2011. Vol. 65. Iss. 2. P. 219-225. DOI: 10.1016/j.coldregions.2010.08.006</mixed-citation>
        <mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Li Dong-Wei, Fan Ju-Hong, Wang Ren-He. Research on visco-elastic-plastic creep model of artificially frozen soil under high confining pressures. Cold Regions Science and Technology. 2011. Vol. 65. Iss. 2, p. 219-225. DOI: 10.1016/j.coldregions.2010.08.006</mixed-citation>
      </ref>
      <ref id="ref23">
        <label>23</label>
        <mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Nishimura S., Gens A., Oliverlla S., Jardine R.J. THM-coupled finite element analysis of frozen soil: formulation and application // Géotechnique. 2009. Vol. 59. Iss. 3. P. 159-171. DOI: 10.1680/geot.2009.59.3.159</mixed-citation>
        <mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Nishimura S., Gens A., Oliverlla S., Jardine R.J. THM-coupled finite element analysis of frozen soil: formulation and application. Géotechnique. 2009. Vol. 59. Iss. 3, p. 159-171. DOI: 10.1680/geot.2009.59.3.159</mixed-citation>
      </ref>
      <ref id="ref24">
        <label>24</label>
        <mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Kostina A., Zhelnin M., Plekhov O. et al. Creep behavior of ice-soil retaining structure during shaft sinking // Procedia Structural Integrity. 2018. Vol. 13. P. 1273-1278. DOI: 10.1016/j.prostr.2018.12.260</mixed-citation>
        <mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Kostina A., Zhelnin M., Plekhov O. et al. Creep behavior of ice-soil retaining structure during shaft sinking. Procedia Structural Integrity. 2018. Vol. 13, p. 1273-1278. DOI: 10.1016/j.prostr.2018.12.260</mixed-citation>
      </ref>
      <ref id="ref25">
        <label>25</label>
        <mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Vyalov S.S., Zaretsky Yu.K., Gorodetsky S.E. Stability of Mine Workings in Frozen Soils // Developments in Geotechnical Engineering. 1979. Vol. 26. P. 339-351. DOI: 10.1016/B978-0-444-41782-4.50031-2</mixed-citation>
        <mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Vyalov S.S., Zaretsky Yu.K., Gorodetsky S.E. Stability of Mine Workings in Frozen Soils. Developments in Geotechnical Engineering. 1979. Vol. 26, p. 339-351. DOI: 10.1016/B978-0-444-41782-4.50031-2</mixed-citation>
      </ref>
      <ref id="ref26">
        <label>26</label>
        <mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Zhelnin M., Kostina A., Plekhov O. et al. Numerical analysis of application limits of Vyalov’s formula for an ice-soil wall thickness // Frattura ed Integrità Strutturale. 2019. Vol. 13 (49). P. 156-166. DOI: 10.3221/IGF-ESIS.49.17</mixed-citation>
        <mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Zhelnin M., Kostina A., Plekhov O. et al. Numerical analysis of application limits of Vyalov’s formula for an ice-soil wall thickness. Frattura ed Integrità Strutturale. 2019. Vol. 13 (49), p. 156-166. DOI: 10.3221/IGF-ESIS.49.17</mixed-citation>
      </ref>
      <ref id="ref27">
        <label>27</label>
        <mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Вялов С.С. Прочность и ползучесть мерзлых грунтов и расчеты ледогрунтовых ограждений. М.: Изд-во Академии наук СССР, 1962. 254 с.</mixed-citation>
        <mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Vyalov S.S. Strength and creep of frozen soils and calculations of frozen wall. Moscow: Izd-vo Akademii nauk SSSR, 1962, p. 254 (in Russian).</mixed-citation>
      </ref>
      <ref id="ref28">
        <label>28</label>
        <mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Semin M. Calculation of frozen wall thickness considering the non-uniform distribution of the strength properties // Procedia Structural Integrity. 2021. Vol. 32. P. 180-186. DOI: 10.1016/j.prostr.2021.09.026</mixed-citation>
        <mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Semin M. Calculation of frozen wall thickness considering the non-uniform distribution of the strength properties. Procedia Structural Integrity. 2021. Vol. 32, p. 180-186. DOI: 10.1016/j.prostr.2021.09.026</mixed-citation>
      </ref>
      <ref id="ref29">
        <label>29</label>
        <mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Bekele Y.W., Kyokawa H., Kvarving A.M. et al. Isogeometric analysis of THM coupled processes in ground freezing // Computers and Geotechnics. 2017. Vol. 88. P. 129-145. DOI: 10.1016/j.compgeo.2017.02.020</mixed-citation>
        <mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Bekele Y.W., Kyokawa H., Kvarving A.M. et al. Isogeometric analysis of THM coupled processes in ground freezing. Computers and Geotechnics. 2017. Vol. 88, p. 129-145. DOI: 10.1016/j.compgeo.2017.02.020</mixed-citation>
      </ref>
      <ref id="ref30">
        <label>30</label>
        <mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Tounsi H., Rouabhi A., Jahangir E. Thermo-hydro-mechanical modeling of artificial ground freezing taking into account the salinity of the saturating fluid // Computers and Geotechnics. 2020. Vol. 119. № 103382. DOI: 10.1016/j.compgeo.2019.103382</mixed-citation>
        <mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Tounsi H., Rouabhi A., Jahangir E. Thermo-hydro-mechanical modeling of artificial ground freezing taking into account the salinity of the saturating fluid. Computers and Geotechnics. 2020. Vol. 119. N 103382. DOI: 10.1016/j.compgeo.2019.103382</mixed-citation>
      </ref>
      <ref id="ref31">
        <label>31</label>
        <mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Vallier F., Mitani Y., Boulon M. et al. A Shear Model Accounting Scale Effect in Rock Joints Behavior // Rock Mechanics and Rock Engineering. 2010. Vol. 43. Iss. 5. P. 581-595. DOI: 10.1007/s00603-009-0074-9</mixed-citation>
        <mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Vallier F., Mitani Y., Boulon M. et al. A Shear Model Accounting Scale Effect in Rock Joints Behavior. Rock Mechanics and Rock Engineering. 2010. Vol. 43. Iss. 5, p. 581-595. DOI: 10.1007/s00603-009-0074-9</mixed-citation>
      </ref>
      <ref id="ref32">
        <label>32</label>
        <mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Huabei Liu. Unified sand modeling using associated or non-associated flow rule // Mechanics Research Communications. 2013. Vol. 50. P. 63-70. DOI: 10.1016/j.mechrescom.2013.04.003</mixed-citation>
        <mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Huabei Liu. Unified sand modeling using associated or non-associated flow rule. Mechanics Research Communications. 2013. Vol. 50, p. 63-70. DOI: 10.1016/j.mechrescom.2013.04.003</mixed-citation>
      </ref>
      <ref id="ref33">
        <label>33</label>
        <mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Shi Z., Buscarnera G., Finno R.J. Simulation of cyclic strength degradation of natural clays via bounding surface model with hybrid flow rule // International Journal for Numerical and Analytical Methods in Geomechanics. 2018. Vol. 42. Iss. 14. P. 1719-1740. DOI: 10.1002/nag.2813</mixed-citation>
        <mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Shi Z., Buscarnera G., Finno R.J. Simulation of cyclic strength degradation of natural clays via bounding surface model with hybrid flow rule. International Journal for Numerical and Analytical Methods in Geomechanics. 2018. Vol. 42. Iss. 14, p. 1719-1740. DOI: 10.1002/nag.2813</mixed-citation>
      </ref>
      <ref id="ref34">
        <label>34</label>
        <mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Карев В.И., Коваленко Ю.Ф., Устинов К.Б. Моделирование деформирования и разрушения анизотропных пород вблизи горизонтальной скважины // Физико-технические проблемы разработки полезных ископаемых. 2017. № 3. С. 12-21.</mixed-citation>
        <mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Karev V.I., Kovalenko Y.F., Ustinov K.B. Modeling Deformation and Failure of Anisotropic Rocks nearby a Horizontal Well. Journal of Mining Science. 2017. Vol. 53. N 3, p. 425-433. DOI: 10.1134/S1062739117032319</mixed-citation>
      </ref>
      <ref id="ref35">
        <label>35</label>
        <mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Безматерных А.В., Офрихтер В.Г. Явление дилатансии и его влияние на характер деформирования грунтов под нагрузкой // Master’s Journal. 2017. № 2. С. 85-90.</mixed-citation>
        <mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Bezmaternykh A.V., Ofrikhter V.G. The phenomenon of dilatancy and its impact on the nature of deformation of soil under load. Master’s Journal. 2017. N 2, p. 85-90 (in Russian).</mixed-citation>
      </ref>
      <ref id="ref36">
        <label>36</label>
        <mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Junchen Zhou, Keyong Wang, Peichao Li. Hybrid fundamental solution based finite element method for axisymmetric potential problems with arbitrary boundary conditions // Computers &amp; Structures. 2019. Vol. 212. P. 72-85. DOI: 10.1016/j.compstruc.2018.10.012</mixed-citation>
        <mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Junchen Zhou, Keyong Wang, Peichao Li. Hybrid fundamental solution based finite element method for axisymmetric potential problems with arbitrary boundary conditions. Computers &amp; Structures. 2019. Vol. 212, p. 72-85. DOI: 10.1016/j.compstruc.2018.10.012</mixed-citation>
      </ref>
      <ref id="ref37">
        <label>37</label>
        <mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Насонов И.Д., Шуплик М.Н. Закономерности формирования ледопородных ограждений при сооружении стволов шахт. М.: Недра, 1976. 237 с.</mixed-citation>
        <mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Nasonov I.D., Shuplik M.N. Regularities of formation of frozen walls during the construction of mine shafts. Moscow: Nedra, 1976, p. 237 (in Russian).</mixed-citation>
      </ref>
      <ref id="ref38">
        <label>38</label>
        <mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Оловянный А.Г. Боковой распор в массиве горных пород // Записки Горного института. 2010. Т. 185. С. 141-147.</mixed-citation>
        <mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Olovyanny A.G. Lateral earth pressure in rock mass. Journal of Mining Institute. 2010. Vol. 185, p. 141-147 (in Russian).</mixed-citation>
      </ref>
      <ref id="ref39">
        <label>39</label>
        <mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Мишедченко А.А. О необходимости применения инновационной конструкции чугунной крепи при строительстве вертикальных шахтных стволов глубиной более 500 м // Маркшейдерия и недропользование. 2017. № 4 (90). С. 37-39.</mixed-citation>
        <mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Mishedchenko A.A. On the necessity to use a cast-iron lining innovative design during construction of vertical mine shafts with a depth of more than 500 m. Mine Surveying and Subsurface Use. 2017. N 4 (90), p. 37-39 (in Russian).</mixed-citation>
      </ref>
      <ref id="ref40">
        <label>40</label>
        <mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Semin M., Golovatyi I., Levin L., Pugin A. Enhancing efficiency in the control of artificial ground freezing for shaft construction: A case study of the Darasinsky potash mine // Cleaner Engineering and Technology. 2024. Vol. 18. № 100710. DOI: 10.1016/j.clet.2023.100710</mixed-citation>
        <mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Semin M., Golovatyi I., Levin L., Pugin A. Enhancing efficiency in the control of artificial ground freezing for shaft construction: A case study of the Darasinsky potash mine. Cleaner Engineering and Technology. 2024. Vol. 18. N 100710. DOI: 10.1016/j.clet.2023.100710</mixed-citation>
      </ref>
    </ref-list>
  </back>
</article>
