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  <front>
    <journal-meta>
      <journal-id journal-id-type="issn">2411-3336</journal-id>
      <journal-id journal-id-type="eissn">2541-9404</journal-id>
      <journal-title-group>
        <journal-title xml:lang="ru">Записки Горного института</journal-title>
        <journal-title xml:lang="en">Journal of Mining Institute</journal-title>
      </journal-title-group>
      <publisher>
        <publisher-name xml:lang="ru">Санкт-Петербургский горный университет императрицы Екатерины ΙΙ</publisher-name>
        <publisher-name xml:lang="en">Empress Catherine II Saint Petersburg Mining University</publisher-name>
      </publisher>
    </journal-meta>
    <article-meta>
      <article-id pub-id-type="doi">10.31897/PMI.2022.13</article-id>
      <article-id custom-type="pmi" pub-id-type="custom">pmi-15684</article-id>
      <article-id pub-id-type="uri">https://pmi.spmi.ru/pmi/article/view/15684</article-id>
      <article-categories>
        <subj-group subj-group-type="section-heading" xml:lang="ru">
          <subject>Геотехнология и инженерная геология</subject>
        </subj-group>
        <subj-group subj-group-type="section-heading" xml:lang="en">
          <subject>Geotechnical Engineering and Engineering Geology</subject>
        </subj-group>
      </article-categories>
      <title-group>
        <article-title xml:lang="en">The Upper Kotlin clays of the Saint Petersburg region as a foundation and medium for unique facilities: an engineering-geological and geotechnical analysis</article-title>
        <trans-title-group xml:lang="ru">
          <trans-title>Верхнекотлинские глины Санкт-Петербургского региона как основание и среда уникальных сооружений: инженерно-геологический и геотехнический анализ</trans-title>
        </trans-title-group>
      </title-group>
      <contrib-group>
        <contrib contrib-type="author">
          <name name-style="eastern">
            <surname>Dashko</surname>
            <given-names>Regina E.</given-names>
          </name>
          <name-alternatives>
            <name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru">
              <surname>Дашко</surname>
              <given-names>Р. Э.</given-names>
            </name>
            <name name-style="western" xml:lang="en">
              <surname>Dashko</surname>
              <given-names>Regina E.</given-names>
            </name>
          </name-alternatives>
          <email>regda2002@mail.ru</email>
          <contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">0000-0002-2469-0910</contrib-id>
          <xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff1"/>
        </contrib>
        <aff-alternatives id="aff1">
          <aff>
            <institution xml:lang="ru">Санкт-Петербургский горный университет (Россия)</institution>
          </aff>
          <aff>
            <institution xml:lang="en">Saint Petersburg Mining University (Russia)</institution>
          </aff>
        </aff-alternatives>
        <contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes">
          <name name-style="eastern">
            <surname>Lokhmatikov</surname>
            <given-names>Georgiy A.</given-names>
          </name>
          <name-alternatives>
            <name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru">
              <surname>Лохматиков</surname>
              <given-names>Г. А.</given-names>
            </name>
            <name name-style="western" xml:lang="en">
              <surname>Lokhmatikov</surname>
              <given-names>Georgiy A.</given-names>
            </name>
          </name-alternatives>
          <email>kriptoforan@gmail.com</email>
          <contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">0000-0001-9134-3022</contrib-id>
          <xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff2"/>
        </contrib>
        <aff-alternatives id="aff2">
          <aff>
            <institution xml:lang="ru">Санкт-Петербургский горный университет (Россия)</institution>
          </aff>
          <aff>
            <institution xml:lang="en">Saint Petersburg Mining University (Russia)</institution>
          </aff>
        </aff-alternatives>
      </contrib-group>
      <pub-date pub-type="epub" iso-8601-date="2022-07-13">
        <day>13</day>
        <month>07</month>
        <year>2022</year>
      </pub-date>
      <pub-date date-type="collection">
        <year>2022</year>
      </pub-date>
      <volume>254</volume>
      <fpage>180</fpage>
      <lpage>190</lpage>
      <history>
        <date date-type="received" iso-8601-date="2021-12-16">
          <day>16</day>
          <month>12</month>
          <year>2021</year>
        </date>
        <date date-type="accepted" iso-8601-date="2022-04-07">
          <day>07</day>
          <month>04</month>
          <year>2022</year>
        </date>
        <date date-type="rev-recd" iso-8601-date="2022-07-13">
          <day>13</day>
          <month>07</month>
          <year>2022</year>
        </date>
      </history>
      <permissions>
        <copyright-statement xml:lang="ru">© 2022 Р. Э. Дашко, Г. А. Лохматиков</copyright-statement>
        <copyright-statement xml:lang="en">© 2022 Regina E. Dashko, Georgiy A. Lokhmatikov</copyright-statement>
        <copyright-year>2022</copyright-year>
        <copyright-holder xml:lang="ru">Р. Э. Дашко, Г. А. Лохматиков</copyright-holder>
        <copyright-holder xml:lang="en">Regina E. Dashko, Georgiy A. Lokhmatikov</copyright-holder>
        <license license-type="open-access" xlink:href="http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0" xml:lang="ru">
          <license-p>Эта статья доступна по лицензии Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International (CC BY 4.0)</license-p>
        </license>
        <license license-type="open-access" xlink:href="http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0" xml:lang="en">
          <license-p>This article is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License (CC BY 4.0)</license-p>
        </license>
      </permissions>
      <self-uri xlink:type="simple" xlink:href="https://pmi.spmi.ru/pmi/article/view/15684">https://pmi.spmi.ru/pmi/article/view/15684</self-uri>
      <abstract xml:lang="ru">
        <p>В статье рассматриваются проблемы корректности инженерно-геологической и гидрогеологический оценки верхнекотлинских глин, которые служат как основание либо вмещающая среда сооружений различного назначения. Утверждается, что верхнекотлинские глины необходимо рассматривать как трещиновато-блочную среду, и, следовательно, их анализ как абсолютного водоупора полностью исключается. Наличиев нижней части разреза венских отложений высоконапорного вендского водоносного комплекса вызывает перетекание этих минерализованных вод через трещиноватую толщу глин, способствуя развитию деформаций подъема тоннелей, а также коррозии их обделок, природа которой определяется не только химическим составом и физико-химическими особенностями вод, но и биохимическим фактором – наличием богатого микробного сообщества. Впервые было исследовано влияние перетекания минерализованных вод вендского комплекса на негативное преобразование блоков глин. По результатам экспериментов было установлено снижение показателей их сопротивления сдвигу за счет трансформации структурных связей и микробной деятельности при сохранении физического состояния. Для Санкт-Петербургского региона проведена типизация разреза верхнекотлинских глин по сложности условий наземного и подземного строительства. Трещиноватость коренных глин, возможность перетекания напорных подземных вод через трещиноватую толщу и последующее снижение прочности блоков, а также активная коррозия подземных несущих конструкций должны учитываться при проектировании уникальных и типовых наземных и подземных сооружений и быть включены в нормативные документы.</p>
      </abstract>
      <abstract xml:lang="en">
        <p>The article reviews the issues concerned with correctness of the engineering-geological and hydrogeological assessment of the Upper Kotlin clays, which serve as the foundation or host medium for facilities of various applications. It is claimed that the Upper Kotlin clays should be regarded as a fissured-block medium and, consequently, their assessment as an absolutely impermeablestratum should be totally excluded. Presence of a high-pressure Vendian aquifer in the lower part of the geological profile of the Vendian sediments causes inflow of these saline waters through the fissured clay strata, which promotes upheaval of tunnels as well as corrosion of their lining. The nature of the corrosion processes is defined not only by the chemical composition and physical and chemical features of these waters, but also by the biochemical factor, i.e. the availability of a rich microbial community. For the first time ever, the effect of saline water inflow into the Vendian complex on negative transformation of the clay blocks was studied. Experimental results revealed a decrease in the clay shear resistance caused by transformation of the structural bonds and microbial activity with the clay’s physical state being unchanged. Typification of the Upper Kotlin clay section has been performed for the region of Saint Petersburg in terms of the complexity of surface and underground building conditions. Fissuring of the bedclays, the possibility of confined groundwater inflow through the fissured strata and the consequent reduction of the block strength as well as the active corrosion of underground load-bearing structures must be taken into account in designing unique and typical surface and underground facilities and have to be incorporated into the normative documents.</p>
      </abstract>
      <kwd-group xml:lang="ru">
        <title>Ключевые слова</title>
        <kwd>верхнекотлинские глины</kwd>
        <kwd>трещиновато-блочная среда</kwd>
        <kwd>вендский водоносный комплекс</kwd>
        <kwd>перетекание подземных вод</kwd>
        <kwd>деформации тоннелей</kwd>
        <kwd>типизация разреза</kwd>
        <kwd>снижение прочности глин</kwd>
        <kwd>микроорганизмы</kwd>
        <kwd>биокоррозия</kwd>
      </kwd-group>
      <kwd-group xml:lang="en">
        <title>Keywords</title>
        <kwd>Upper Kotlin clays</kwd>
        <kwd>fissured-block medium</kwd>
        <kwd>Vendian aquifer system</kwd>
        <kwd>groundwater inflow</kwd>
        <kwd>tunnel deformation</kwd>
        <kwd>typification of geological profile</kwd>
        <kwd>reduction in clay strength</kwd>
        <kwd>micro-organisms</kwd>
        <kwd>biocorrosion</kwd>
      </kwd-group>
    </article-meta>
  </front>
  <body/>
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