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  <front>
    <journal-meta>
      <journal-id journal-id-type="issn">2411-3336</journal-id>
      <journal-id journal-id-type="eissn">2541-9404</journal-id>
      <journal-title-group>
        <journal-title xml:lang="ru">Записки Горного института</journal-title>
        <journal-title xml:lang="en">Journal of Mining Institute</journal-title>
      </journal-title-group>
      <publisher>
        <publisher-name xml:lang="ru">Санкт-Петербургский горный университет императрицы Екатерины ΙΙ</publisher-name>
        <publisher-name xml:lang="en">Empress Catherine II Saint Petersburg Mining University</publisher-name>
      </publisher>
    </journal-meta>
    <article-meta>
      <article-id pub-id-type="doi">10.31897/PMI.2021.4.1</article-id>
      <article-id custom-type="pmi" pub-id-type="custom">pmi-15037</article-id>
      <article-id pub-id-type="uri">https://pmi.spmi.ru/pmi/article/view/15037</article-id>
      <article-categories>
        <subj-group subj-group-type="section-heading" xml:lang="ru">
          <subject>Геология</subject>
        </subj-group>
        <subj-group subj-group-type="section-heading" xml:lang="en">
          <subject>Geology</subject>
        </subj-group>
      </article-categories>
      <title-group>
        <article-title xml:lang="en">Defects of diamond crystal structure as an indicator of crystallogenesis</article-title>
        <trans-title-group xml:lang="ru">
          <trans-title>Дефекты кристаллической структуры в алмазе как индикатор кристаллогенеза</trans-title>
        </trans-title-group>
      </title-group>
      <contrib-group>
        <contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes">
          <name name-style="eastern">
            <surname>Vasilev</surname>
            <given-names>Evgeny A.</given-names>
          </name>
          <name-alternatives>
            <name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru">
              <surname>Васильев</surname>
              <given-names>Е. А.</given-names>
            </name>
            <name name-style="western" xml:lang="en">
              <surname>Vasilev</surname>
              <given-names>Evgeny A.</given-names>
            </name>
          </name-alternatives>
          <email>Vasilev_EA@pers.spmi.ru</email>
          <contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">0000-0003-2216-0956</contrib-id>
          <xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff1"/>
        </contrib>
        <aff-alternatives id="aff1">
          <aff>
            <institution xml:lang="ru">Санкт-Петербургский горный университет (Санкт-Петербург, Россия)</institution>
          </aff>
          <aff>
            <institution xml:lang="en">Saint Petersburg Mining University (Saint Petersburg, Russia)</institution>
          </aff>
        </aff-alternatives>
      </contrib-group>
      <pub-date pub-type="epub" iso-8601-date="2021-10-21">
        <day>21</day>
        <month>10</month>
        <year>2021</year>
      </pub-date>
      <pub-date date-type="collection">
        <year>2021</year>
      </pub-date>
      <volume>250</volume>
      <fpage>481</fpage>
      <lpage>491</lpage>
      <history>
        <date date-type="received" iso-8601-date="2021-06-10">
          <day>10</day>
          <month>06</month>
          <year>2021</year>
        </date>
        <date date-type="accepted" iso-8601-date="2021-07-27">
          <day>27</day>
          <month>07</month>
          <year>2021</year>
        </date>
        <date date-type="rev-recd" iso-8601-date="2021-10-21">
          <day>21</day>
          <month>10</month>
          <year>2021</year>
        </date>
      </history>
      <permissions>
        <copyright-statement xml:lang="ru">© 2021 Е. А. Васильев</copyright-statement>
        <copyright-statement xml:lang="en">© 2021 Evgeny A. Vasilev</copyright-statement>
        <copyright-year>2021</copyright-year>
        <copyright-holder xml:lang="ru">Е. А. Васильев</copyright-holder>
        <copyright-holder xml:lang="en">Evgeny A. Vasilev</copyright-holder>
        <license license-type="open-access" xlink:href="http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0" xml:lang="ru">
          <license-p>Эта статья доступна по лицензии Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International (CC BY 4.0)</license-p>
        </license>
        <license license-type="open-access" xlink:href="http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0" xml:lang="en">
          <license-p>This article is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License (CC BY 4.0)</license-p>
        </license>
      </permissions>
      <self-uri xlink:type="simple" xlink:href="https://pmi.spmi.ru/pmi/article/view/15037">https://pmi.spmi.ru/pmi/article/view/15037</self-uri>
      <abstract xml:lang="ru">
        <p>На основании изучения представительных коллекций алмаза из алмазоносных объектов Урала, месторождений Архангельской и Якутской алмазоносных провинций определены закономерности зонально-секториального распределения дефектов кристаллической структуры в кристаллах разных морфологических типов; выявлены особенности кристаллов, образовавшихся на разных этапах кристаллогенеза; проведен комплексный анализ конституционного и популяционного разнообразия алмаза в различных объектах. Выделены три этапа в цикле кристаллогенеза, соответствующие нормальному и тангенциальному механизмам роста и этапу смены габитусных форм. На этапе смены габитусных форм пересыщение по углероду недостаточно для реализации нормального механизма роста, и грани развиваются от существующих поверхностей. Благодаря отсутствию стадии зарождения ростового слоя формирование новых поверхностей {111} происходит намного быстрее, чем при тангенциальном механизме роста. Этот эффект позволяет объяснить отсутствие кубоидов с высокой степенью трансформации азотных дефектов на стадии А-В1: все они подверглись переогранению про регенерационному механизму. На основании выявленных закономерностей разработана модель кристаллогенеза алмаза, учитывающая закономерности ростовой эволюции, термической истории и морфологического разнообразия кристаллов. Модель предполагает возможность многократного повторения цикла кристаллизации и существования промежуточной камеры, позволяет объяснить последовательность изменения морфологии и дефектно-примесного состава кристаллов, а также совокупность конституционного и популяционного многообразия алмаза из различных геологических объектов.</p>
      </abstract>
      <abstract xml:lang="en">
        <p>Based on the study of a representative collections of diamonds from diamondiferous formations of the Urals and deposits of the Arkhangelsk and Yakutian diamond provinces, we established patterns of zonal and sectoral distribution of crystal structure defects in crystals of different morphological types, identified the specifics of crystals formed at different stages of crystallogenesis and performed a comprehensive analysis of constitutional and population diversity of diamonds in different formations. We identified three stages in the crystallogenesis cycle, which correspond to normal and tangential mechanisms of growth and the stage of changing crystal habit shape. At the stage of changing crystal habit shape, insufficient carbon supersaturation obstructs normal growth mechanism, and the facets develop from existing surfaces. Due to the absent stage of growth layer nucleation, formation of new {111} surfaces occurs much faster compared to tangential growth mechanism. This effect allows to explain the absence of cuboids with highly transformed nitrogen defects at the A-B1 stage: they have all been refaceted by a regenerative mechanism. Based on the revealed patterns, a model of diamond crystallogenesis was developed, which takes into account the regularities of growth evolution, thermal history and morphological diversity of the crystals. The model implies the possibility of a multiply repetitive crystallization cycle and the existence of an intermediate chamber; it allows to explain the sequence of changes in morphology and defect-impurity composition of crystals, as well as a combination of constitutional and population diversity of diamonds from different geological formations.</p>
      </abstract>
      <kwd-group xml:lang="ru">
        <title>Ключевые слова</title>
        <kwd>алмаз</kwd>
        <kwd>кристалл</kwd>
        <kwd>кристаллогенез</kwd>
        <kwd>месторождение</kwd>
        <kwd>ИК-спектроскопия</kwd>
        <kwd>фотолюминесценция</kwd>
      </kwd-group>
      <kwd-group xml:lang="en">
        <title>Keywords</title>
        <kwd>diamond</kwd>
        <kwd>crystal</kwd>
        <kwd>crystallogenesis</kwd>
        <kwd>deposit</kwd>
        <kwd>IR spectroscopy</kwd>
        <kwd>photoluminescence</kwd>
      </kwd-group>
    </article-meta>
  </front>
  <body/>
  <back>
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