2411-3336 2541-9404 Записки Горного института Journal of Mining Institute Санкт-Петербургский горный университет императрицы Екатерины ΙΙ Empress Catherine II Saint Petersburg Mining University 10.31897/PMI.2021.6.2 pmi-15036 https://pmi.spmi.ru/pmi/article/view/15036 Геология Geology Management of groundwater resources in transboundary territories (on the example of the Russian Federation and the Republic of Estonia) Управление ресурсами подземных вод на трансграничных территориях (на примере Российской Федерации и Эстонской Республики) Golovina Ekaterina I. Головина Е. И. Golovina Ekaterina I. Golovina_EI@pers.spmi.ru 0000-0002-4674-4342 Санкт-Петербургский горный университет (Россия) Saint Petersburg Mining University (Russia) Grebneva Anastasia V. Гребнева А. В. Grebneva Anastasia V. Grebneva_av@spmi.ru 0000-0001-9216-8027 Санкт-петербургский горный университет (Россия) Saint Petersburg Mining University (Russia) 27 12 2021 2021 252 788 800 08 06 2021 30 11 2021 27 12 2021 © 2021 Е. И. Головина, А. В. Гребнева © 2021 Ekaterina I. Golovina, Anastasia V. Grebneva 2021 Е. И. Головина, А. В. Гребнева Ekaterina I. Golovina, Anastasia V. Grebneva Эта статья доступна по лицензии Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International (CC BY 4.0) This article is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License (CC BY 4.0) https://pmi.spmi.ru/pmi/article/view/15036

Подземные воды, являясь одним из источников водоснабжения, важнейшим полезным ископаемым и геополитическим ресурсом, в условиях нарастающего ухудшения качества поверхностных вод нередко становятся единственным источником обеспечения населения питьевой водой высокого качества, защищенным от загрязнения. Трансграничные подземные воды находятся в центре внимания исследователей-гидрогеологов по ряду причин, в том числе в связи с сокращением и загрязнением водных ресурсов в результате хозяйственной деятельности. Обострение противоречий между государствами из-за проблем с трансграничными водными ресурсами вызвало необходимость разработки международных правовых документов по вопросам, касающимся предотвращения конфликтов, связанных с водой, и устойчивого использования пресных вод. В рамках анализа проблемы правового регулирования добычи подземных вод из трансграничных водоносных горизонтов и комплексов предлагается рассмотреть данный аспект на примере России. Выявлены проблемы регулирования рационального использования и охраны пресной воды в двусторонних договорах Российской Федерации; разработана методика управления добычей подземных вод на территории трансграничного водоносного горизонта, определены размеры, параметры и факторы, влияющие на формирование трансграничной зоны (на основе исследований и анализа водозаборной деятельности в пограничных территориях Российской Федерации и Эстонской Республики).

Groundwater, as a source of water supply, the most important mineral and geopolitical resource, , is often the only source of high-quality drinking water that is protected from pollution under conditions of increasing deterioration of surface water quality. Transboundary groundwaters are the focus of hydrogeological researchers for a number of reasons, including the reduction and pollution of water resources as a result of economic activities. The increased controversy between states over transboundary water issues has necessitated the development of international legal documents on issues related to water conflict prevention and the sustainable use of fresh water. As part of the analysis of the problem of legal regulation of groundwater extraction from transboundary aquifers and complexes, it is proposed to consider this aspect on the example of Russia. The problems of regulation of rational use and protection of fresh water in the bilateral treaties of the Russian Federation were revealed; a methodology for the management of groundwater extraction in the territory of the transboundary aquifer was developed, the size, parameters, and factors influencing the formation of the transboundary zone have been determined (based on research and analysis of water intake activities in the border areas of the Russian Federation and the Republic of Estonia) were determined.

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