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  <front>
    <journal-meta>
      <journal-id journal-id-type="issn">2411-3336</journal-id>
      <journal-id journal-id-type="eissn">2541-9404</journal-id>
      <journal-title-group>
        <journal-title xml:lang="ru">Записки Горного института</journal-title>
        <journal-title xml:lang="en">Journal of Mining Institute</journal-title>
      </journal-title-group>
      <publisher>
        <publisher-name xml:lang="ru">Санкт-Петербургский горный университет императрицы Екатерины ΙΙ</publisher-name>
        <publisher-name xml:lang="en">Empress Catherine II Saint Petersburg Mining University</publisher-name>
      </publisher>
    </journal-meta>
    <article-meta>
      <article-id pub-id-type="doi">10.31897/PMI.2022.10</article-id>
      <article-id custom-type="pmi" pub-id-type="custom">pmi-15004</article-id>
      <article-id pub-id-type="uri">https://pmi.spmi.ru/pmi/article/view/15004</article-id>
      <article-categories>
        <subj-group subj-group-type="section-heading" xml:lang="ru">
          <subject>Геотехнология и инженерная геология</subject>
        </subj-group>
        <subj-group subj-group-type="section-heading" xml:lang="en">
          <subject>Geotechnical Engineering and Engineering Geology</subject>
        </subj-group>
      </article-categories>
      <title-group>
        <article-title xml:lang="en">Mathematical model of linear and non-linear proppant concentration  increase during hydraulic fracturing – a solution for sequential injection  of a number of proppant types</article-title>
        <trans-title-group xml:lang="ru">
          <trans-title>Математическая модель линейного и нелинейного  повышения концентрации пропанта при проведении ГРП – решение для последовательной закачки ряда типов пропанта</trans-title>
        </trans-title-group>
      </title-group>
      <contrib-group>
        <contrib contrib-type="author">
          <name name-style="eastern">
            <surname>Kochetkov</surname>
            <given-names>Aleksandr V.</given-names>
          </name>
          <name-alternatives>
            <name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru">
              <surname>Кочетков</surname>
              <given-names>А. В.</given-names>
            </name>
            <name name-style="western" xml:lang="en">
              <surname>Kochetkov</surname>
              <given-names>Aleksandr V.</given-names>
            </name>
          </name-alternatives>
          <email>KochetkovAV@tatneft.ru</email>
          <contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">0000-0003-4194-3251</contrib-id>
          <xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff1"/>
        </contrib>
        <aff-alternatives id="aff1">
          <aff>
            <institution xml:lang="ru">Филиал Уфимского государственного нефтяного технического университета в г. Октябрьский (Россия)</institution>
          </aff>
          <aff>
            <institution xml:lang="en">Branch of Ufa State Oil Technical University in Oktyabrskiy (Russia)</institution>
          </aff>
        </aff-alternatives>
        <contrib contrib-type="author">
          <name name-style="eastern">
            <surname>Fattakhov</surname>
            <given-names>Irik G.</given-names>
          </name>
          <name-alternatives>
            <name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru">
              <surname>Фаттахов</surname>
              <given-names>И. Г.</given-names>
            </name>
            <name name-style="western" xml:lang="en">
              <surname>Fattakhov</surname>
              <given-names>Irik G.</given-names>
            </name>
          </name-alternatives>
          <email>i-fattakhov@rambler.ru</email>
          <contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">0000-0002-3086-4323</contrib-id>
          <xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff2"/>
        </contrib>
        <aff-alternatives id="aff2">
          <aff>
            <institution xml:lang="ru">Филиал Уфимского государственного нефтяного технического университета в г. Октябрьский (Россия)</institution>
          </aff>
          <aff>
            <institution xml:lang="en">Branch of Ufa State Oil Technical University in Oktyabrskiy (Russia)</institution>
          </aff>
        </aff-alternatives>
        <contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes">
          <name name-style="eastern">
            <surname>Mukhametshin</surname>
            <given-names>Vyacheslav V.</given-names>
          </name>
          <name-alternatives>
            <name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru">
              <surname>Мухаметшин</surname>
              <given-names>В. В.</given-names>
            </name>
            <name name-style="western" xml:lang="en">
              <surname>Mukhametshin</surname>
              <given-names>Vyacheslav V.</given-names>
            </name>
          </name-alternatives>
          <email>vv@of.ugntu.ru</email>
          <contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">0000-0003-3283-1047</contrib-id>
          <xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff3"/>
        </contrib>
        <aff-alternatives id="aff3">
          <aff>
            <institution xml:lang="ru">Уфимский государственный нефтяной технический университет (Россия)</institution>
          </aff>
          <aff>
            <institution xml:lang="en">Ufa State Oil Technical University (Russia)</institution>
          </aff>
        </aff-alternatives>
        <contrib contrib-type="author">
          <name name-style="eastern">
            <surname>Kuleshova</surname>
            <given-names>Lyubov S.</given-names>
          </name>
          <name-alternatives>
            <name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru">
              <surname>Кулешова</surname>
              <given-names>Л. С.</given-names>
            </name>
            <name name-style="western" xml:lang="en">
              <surname>Kuleshova</surname>
              <given-names>Lyubov S.</given-names>
            </name>
          </name-alternatives>
          <email>markl212@mail.ru</email>
          <contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">0000-0003-2975-3666</contrib-id>
          <xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff4"/>
        </contrib>
        <aff-alternatives id="aff4">
          <aff>
            <institution xml:lang="ru">Филиал Уфимского государственного нефтяного технического университета в г. Октябрьский (Россия)</institution>
          </aff>
          <aff>
            <institution xml:lang="en">Branch of Ufa State Oil Technical University in Oktyabrskiy (Russia)</institution>
          </aff>
        </aff-alternatives>
        <contrib contrib-type="author">
          <name name-style="eastern">
            <surname>Mingulov</surname>
            <given-names>Shamil G.</given-names>
          </name>
          <name-alternatives>
            <name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru">
              <surname>Мингулов</surname>
              <given-names>Ш. Г.</given-names>
            </name>
            <name name-style="western" xml:lang="en">
              <surname>Mingulov</surname>
              <given-names>Shamil G.</given-names>
            </name>
          </name-alternatives>
          <email>Mingulovshg_ugntu@mail.ru</email>
          <contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">0000-0001-8104-0925</contrib-id>
          <xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff5"/>
        </contrib>
        <aff-alternatives id="aff5">
          <aff>
            <institution xml:lang="ru">Филиал Уфимского государственного нефтяного технического университета в г. Октябрьский (Россия)</institution>
          </aff>
          <aff>
            <institution xml:lang="en">Branch of Ufa State Oil Technical University in Oktyabrskiy (Russia)</institution>
          </aff>
        </aff-alternatives>
      </contrib-group>
      <pub-date pub-type="epub" iso-8601-date="2022-05-18">
        <day>18</day>
        <month>05</month>
        <year>2022</year>
      </pub-date>
      <pub-date date-type="collection">
        <year>2022</year>
      </pub-date>
      <volume>254</volume>
      <fpage>210</fpage>
      <lpage>216</lpage>
      <history>
        <date date-type="received" iso-8601-date="2021-05-31">
          <day>31</day>
          <month>05</month>
          <year>2021</year>
        </date>
        <date date-type="accepted" iso-8601-date="2022-03-24">
          <day>24</day>
          <month>03</month>
          <year>2022</year>
        </date>
        <date date-type="rev-recd" iso-8601-date="2022-07-13">
          <day>13</day>
          <month>07</month>
          <year>2022</year>
        </date>
      </history>
      <permissions>
        <copyright-statement>© Aleksandr V. Kochetkov, Irik G. Fattakhov, Vyacheslav V. Mukhametshin, Lyubov S. Kuleshova, Shamil G. Mingulov</copyright-statement>
        <copyright-year>2022</copyright-year>
        <copyright-holder xml:lang="ru">А. В. Кочетков, И. Г. Фаттахов, В. В. Мухаметшин, Л. С. Кулешова, Ш. Г. Мингулов</copyright-holder>
        <copyright-holder xml:lang="en">Aleksandr V. Kochetkov, Irik G. Fattakhov, Vyacheslav V. Mukhametshin, Lyubov S. Kuleshova, Shamil G. Mingulov</copyright-holder>
        <license xlink:href="http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0">
          <license-p>CC BY 4.0</license-p>
        </license>
      </permissions>
      <self-uri xlink:type="simple" xlink:href="https://pmi.spmi.ru/pmi/article/view/15004">https://pmi.spmi.ru/pmi/article/view/15004</self-uri>
      <abstract xml:lang="ru">
        <p>Известно, что значительная часть технологий, направленных на интенсификацию притока жидкости при помощи гидравлического разрыва пласта, подразумевает применение пропанта. Для транспортировки и размещения гранул в трещине обеспечивается равномерная подача пропанта заданной концентрации в жидкость разрыва. Цель работы – исключить возникновение искажений в программе закачки пропантного ГРП. Математически точный линейный набор концентрации при заданных условиях возможен только в том случае, если верно определена переходная концентрация. Предлагаемый подход позволяет корректно сформировать программу работ пропантного ГРП как для линейного, так и для нелинейного увеличения концентрации пропанта. Научная новизна работы заключается в применении новой математической модели для прямого расчета параметров программы закачки, ранее определяемых методом подбора. Разработана математическая модель линейного и нелинейного повышения концентрации пропанта при проведении ГРП. Впервые представлено аналитическое решение, позволяющее прямым вычислением определять параметры стадий основного ГРП, в том числе переходные концентрации для заданных масс пропанта различных видов. Применение математической модели при формировании плана обработки позволяет сохранить корректное распределение массы пропанта по фракциям, что облегчает внедрение информационно-аналитических систем, перенос данных напрямую из программы работ в базы данных. Предлагается провести доработку используемых в производстве форм электронных таблиц, что позволит без дополнительных трудозатрат применять математическую модель формирования программы работ на каждом процессе гидроразрыва. Получена математическая модель, которая может быть использована для совершенствования программного обеспечения, применяемого при проектировании, моделировании и инженерном сопровождении процессов ГРП.</p>
      </abstract>
      <abstract xml:lang="en">
        <p>It is known that much of the technology aimed at intensifying fluid inflow by means of hydraulic fracturing involves the use of proppant. In order to transport and position grains in the fracture, a uniform supply of proppant with a given concentration into the fracturing fluid is ensured. The aim of the operation is to eliminate the occurrence of distortions in the injection program of proppant HF. A mathematically accurate linear increase of concentration under given conditions is possible only if the transient concentration is correctly defined. The proposed approach allows to correctly form a proppant HF work program for both linear and non-linear increase in proppant concentration. The scientific novelty of the work lies in application of a new mathematical model for direct calculation of injection program parameters, previously determined by trial and error method. A mathematical model of linear and non-linear increase of proppant concentration during HF was developed. For the first time, an analytical solution is presented that allows direct calculation of parameters of the main HF stages, including transient concentrations for given masses of the various types of proppant. The application of the mathematical model in formation of a treatment plan allows maintaining correct proppant mass distribution by fractions, which facilitates implementation of information and analytical systems, data transfer directly from a work program into databases. It is suggested to improve spreadsheet forms used in production, which would allow applying mathematical model of work program formation at each HF process without additional labour costs. The obtained mathematical model can be used to improve the software applied in the design, modelling and engineering support of HF processes.</p>
      </abstract>
      <kwd-group xml:lang="ru">
        <title>Ключевые слова</title>
        <kwd>ГРП</kwd>
        <kwd>концентрация пропанта</kwd>
        <kwd>математическая модель</kwd>
        <kwd>интенсификация</kwd>
        <kwd>стадии закачки с пропантом</kwd>
        <kwd>технологический контроль</kwd>
      </kwd-group>
      <kwd-group xml:lang="en">
        <title>Keywords</title>
        <kwd>HF</kwd>
        <kwd>proppant concentration</kwd>
        <kwd>mathematical model</kwd>
        <kwd>intensification</kwd>
        <kwd>stages of injection with proppant</kwd>
        <kwd>technological control</kwd>
      </kwd-group>
    </article-meta>
  </front>
  <body/>
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