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  <front>
    <journal-meta>
      <journal-id journal-id-type="issn">2411-3336</journal-id>
      <journal-id journal-id-type="eissn">2541-9404</journal-id>
      <journal-title-group>
        <journal-title xml:lang="ru">Записки Горного института</journal-title>
        <journal-title xml:lang="en">Journal of Mining Institute</journal-title>
      </journal-title-group>
      <publisher>
        <publisher-name xml:lang="ru">Санкт-Петербургский горный университет императрицы Екатерины ΙΙ</publisher-name>
        <publisher-name xml:lang="en">Empress Catherine II Saint Petersburg Mining University</publisher-name>
      </publisher>
    </journal-meta>
    <article-meta>
      <article-id pub-id-type="doi">10.31897/PMI.2021.2.16</article-id>
      <article-id custom-type="pmi" pub-id-type="custom">pmi-14486</article-id>
      <article-id pub-id-type="uri">https://pmi.spmi.ru/pmi/article/view/14486</article-id>
      <article-categories>
        <subj-group subj-group-type="section-heading" xml:lang="ru">
          <subject>Электромеханика и машиностроение</subject>
        </subj-group>
        <subj-group subj-group-type="section-heading" xml:lang="en">
          <subject>Electromechanics and mechanical engineering</subject>
        </subj-group>
      </article-categories>
      <title-group>
        <article-title xml:lang="en">Regularities of changing the dimensions of the main bore of the cylinder  of TMZ-450D diesel engine during the technological process</article-title>
        <trans-title-group xml:lang="ru">
          <trans-title>Закономерности изменения размеров главного отверстия цилиндра  дизеля ТМЗ-450Д в ходе технологического процесса</trans-title>
        </trans-title-group>
      </title-group>
      <contrib-group>
        <contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes">
          <name name-style="eastern">
            <surname>Yamnikov</surname>
            <given-names>Alexander S.</given-names>
          </name>
          <name-alternatives>
            <name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru">
              <surname>Ямников</surname>
              <given-names>А. С.</given-names>
            </name>
            <name name-style="western" xml:lang="en">
              <surname>Yamnikov</surname>
              <given-names>Alexander S.</given-names>
            </name>
          </name-alternatives>
          <email>yamnikovas@mail.ru</email>
          <contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">0000-0002-9052-9666</contrib-id>
          <xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff1"/>
        </contrib>
        <aff-alternatives id="aff1">
          <aff>
            <institution xml:lang="ru">Тульский государственный университет (Тула, Россия)</institution>
          </aff>
          <aff>
            <institution xml:lang="en">Tula State University (Tula, Russia)</institution>
          </aff>
        </aff-alternatives>
        <contrib contrib-type="author">
          <name name-style="eastern">
            <surname>Safarova</surname>
            <given-names>Lyudmila L.</given-names>
          </name>
          <name-alternatives>
            <name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru">
              <surname>Сафарова</surname>
              <given-names>Л. Л.</given-names>
            </name>
            <name name-style="western" xml:lang="en">
              <surname>Safarova</surname>
              <given-names>Lyudmila L.</given-names>
            </name>
          </name-alternatives>
          <email>l.bashkirceva@mail.ru</email>
          <contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">0000-0001-6987-8207</contrib-id>
          <xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff2"/>
        </contrib>
        <aff-alternatives id="aff2">
          <aff>
            <institution xml:lang="ru">Тульский государственный университет (Тула, Россия)</institution>
          </aff>
          <aff>
            <institution xml:lang="en">Tula State University (Tula, Russia)</institution>
          </aff>
        </aff-alternatives>
      </contrib-group>
      <pub-date pub-type="epub" iso-8601-date="2021-06-24">
        <day>24</day>
        <month>06</month>
        <year>2021</year>
      </pub-date>
      <pub-date date-type="collection">
        <year>2021</year>
      </pub-date>
      <volume>248</volume>
      <fpage>319</fpage>
      <lpage>326</lpage>
      <history>
        <date date-type="received" iso-8601-date="2020-11-20">
          <day>20</day>
          <month>11</month>
          <year>2020</year>
        </date>
        <date date-type="accepted" iso-8601-date="2021-03-30">
          <day>30</day>
          <month>03</month>
          <year>2021</year>
        </date>
        <date date-type="rev-recd" iso-8601-date="2021-06-24">
          <day>24</day>
          <month>06</month>
          <year>2021</year>
        </date>
      </history>
      <permissions>
        <copyright-statement>© Alexander S. Yamnikov, Lyudmila L. Safarova</copyright-statement>
        <copyright-year>2021</copyright-year>
        <copyright-holder xml:lang="ru">А. С. Ямников, Л. Л. Сафарова</copyright-holder>
        <copyright-holder xml:lang="en">Alexander S. Yamnikov, Lyudmila L. Safarova</copyright-holder>
        <license xlink:href="http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0">
          <license-p>CC BY 4.0</license-p>
        </license>
      </permissions>
      <self-uri xlink:type="simple" xlink:href="https://pmi.spmi.ru/pmi/article/view/14486">https://pmi.spmi.ru/pmi/article/view/14486</self-uri>
      <abstract xml:lang="ru">
        <p>В статье рассмотрены проблемы, возникающие при механической и термической обработке цилиндра дизеля ТМЗ-450Д, являющегося базовой деталью двигателей малогабаритных генераторов и компрессоров, широко применяемых для мобильных установок в нефтегазовой и горной промышленности. Установлено, что металл в отливке имеет неоднородную структуру, плотность которой колеблется в пределах 6,75-7,25 г/см3. Перераспределение дислокаций и остаточных напряжений в отливке приводит к существенным изменениям размеров и формы главного отверстия. Кроме заданных технологией последовательных изменений размера вследствие снятия назначенного припуска, размеры и форма меняются произвольно, неуправляемо в ходе технологического процесса. Показано, что искусственное старение термическим способом не обеспечивает желаемой стабильности размеров, поэтому предложено дополнить его естественным старением после чернового растачивания в течение полугода. Выявлено, что использование морально и физически устаревшего оборудования вынуждает увеличивать количество финишных операций хонингования и, соответственно, повышать трудоемкость изготовления цилиндра. Обосновано применение двухпозиционного расточного станка, на котором совмещены переходы получистового и чистового растачивания. Это полностью нивелирует копирование погрешностей, возникших при смене базирования на предыдущих операциях. Использование двухпозиционного агрегатно-расточного станка АРС-4/Ц повышенной точности и жесткости значительно повышает точность расточенного отверстия, что позволяет сократить количество операций хонингования. Предложен вариант технологического процесса механической и термической обработки, включающий естественное старение, использование двукратного растачивания на агрегатно-расточном станке, что позволит сократить количество хонинговальных операций до одной, включающей черновой и чистовой переходы.</p>
      </abstract>
      <abstract xml:lang="en">
        <p>The article deals with the problems arising during the mechanical and thermal treatment of the TMZ-450D diesel engine cylinder, which is the base part of the engines of small-sized generators and compressors, which are widely used for mobile units in the oil and gas and mining industries. It was found that the metal in the casting has a non-uniform structure, the density of which ranges from 6.75 to 7.25 g/cm3. Redistribution of dislocations and residual stresses in the casting leads to significant changes in the size and shape of the main bore. In addition to the successive changes in size specified by the technology due to the removal of the designated allowance, the dimensions and shape change arbitrarily, uncontrollably in the course of the technological process. It is shown that artificial aging by a thermal method does not provide the desired dimensional stability; therefore, it is proposed to supplement it with natural aging after rough boring for six months. It was revealed that the use of morally and physically outdated equipment makes it necessary to increase the number of finishing operations of honing and, accordingly, to increase the labor intensity of cylinder manufacturing. The use of a two-position boring machine is substantiated, on which the transitions of semi-finishing and fine boring are combined. This completely eliminates the copying of errors that arose when changing the base on previous operations. The use of a two-position modular boring machine ARS-4/Ts of increased accuracy and rigidity significantly increases the accuracy of the bore hole, which makes it possible to reduce the number of honing operations. A variant of the technological process of mechanical and heat treatment is proposed, including natural aging, the use of double boring on a modular boring machine, which will reduce the number of honing operations to one, including rough and finish transitions.</p>
      </abstract>
      <kwd-group xml:lang="ru">
        <title>Ключевые слова</title>
        <kwd>нефтегазовая и горная промышленность</kwd>
        <kwd>цилиндр двигателя</kwd>
        <kwd>погрешности формы и размера</kwd>
        <kwd>старение</kwd>
        <kwd>базирование</kwd>
        <kwd>растачивание</kwd>
        <kwd>хонингование</kwd>
        <kwd>диаграмма Эббота – Файерстоуна</kwd>
      </kwd-group>
      <kwd-group xml:lang="en">
        <title>Keywords</title>
        <kwd>oil and gas and mining industry</kwd>
        <kwd>engine cylinder</kwd>
        <kwd>shape and size errors</kwd>
        <kwd>aging</kwd>
        <kwd>basing</kwd>
        <kwd>boring</kwd>
        <kwd>honing</kwd>
        <kwd>Abbott – Firestone diagram</kwd>
      </kwd-group>
    </article-meta>
  </front>
  <body/>
  <back>
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</article>
