<?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?>
<article xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink" xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" dtd-version="1.4" article-type="research-article">
  <front>
    <journal-meta>
      <journal-id journal-id-type="issn">2411-3336</journal-id>
      <journal-id journal-id-type="eissn">2541-9404</journal-id>
      <journal-title-group>
        <journal-title xml:lang="ru">Записки Горного института</journal-title>
        <journal-title xml:lang="en">Journal of Mining Institute</journal-title>
      </journal-title-group>
      <publisher>
        <publisher-name xml:lang="ru">Санкт-Петербургский горный университет императрицы Екатерины ΙΙ</publisher-name>
        <publisher-name xml:lang="en">Empress Catherine II Saint Petersburg Mining University</publisher-name>
      </publisher>
    </journal-meta>
    <article-meta>
      <article-id pub-id-type="doi">10.31897/pmi.2020.4.6</article-id>
      <article-id custom-type="pmi" pub-id-type="custom">pmi-13510</article-id>
      <article-id pub-id-type="uri">https://pmi.spmi.ru/pmi/article/view/13510</article-id>
      <article-categories>
        <subj-group subj-group-type="section-heading" xml:lang="ru">
          <subject>Нефтегазовое дело</subject>
        </subj-group>
        <subj-group subj-group-type="section-heading" xml:lang="en">
          <subject>Oil and gas</subject>
        </subj-group>
      </article-categories>
      <title-group>
        <article-title xml:lang="en">Effect of shear stress on the wall of technological pipelines at a gas condensate field on the intensity of carbon dioxide corrosion</article-title>
        <trans-title-group xml:lang="ru">
          <trans-title>Оценка влияния касательного напряжения на стенке технологических трубопроводов газоконденсатного месторождения на интенсивность  углекислотной коррозии</trans-title>
        </trans-title-group>
      </title-group>
      <contrib-group>
        <contrib contrib-type="author">
          <name name-style="eastern">
            <surname>Ponomarev</surname>
            <given-names>Aleksandr I.</given-names>
          </name>
          <name-alternatives>
            <name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru">
              <surname>Пономарев</surname>
              <given-names>А. И.</given-names>
            </name>
            <name name-style="western" xml:lang="en">
              <surname>Ponomarev</surname>
              <given-names>Aleksandr I.</given-names>
            </name>
          </name-alternatives>
          <email>pnmrv@mail.ru</email>
          <contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">0000-0003-0338-6052</contrib-id>
          <xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff1"/>
        </contrib>
        <aff-alternatives id="aff1">
          <aff>
            <institution xml:lang="ru">Уфимский государственный нефтяной технический университет (Уфа, Россия)</institution>
          </aff>
          <aff>
            <institution xml:lang="en">Ufa State Petroleum Technological University (Ufa, Russia)</institution>
          </aff>
        </aff-alternatives>
        <contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes">
          <name name-style="eastern">
            <surname>Yusupov</surname>
            <given-names>Aleksandr D.</given-names>
          </name>
          <name-alternatives>
            <name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru">
              <surname>Юсупов</surname>
              <given-names>А. Д.</given-names>
            </name>
            <name name-style="western" xml:lang="en">
              <surname>Yusupov</surname>
              <given-names>Aleksandr D.</given-names>
            </name>
          </name-alternatives>
          <email>aleksandr_yusupov@list.ru</email>
          <contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">0000-0002-3864-9097</contrib-id>
          <xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff2"/>
        </contrib>
        <aff-alternatives id="aff2">
          <aff>
            <institution xml:lang="ru">Уфимский государственный нефтяной технический университет (Уфа, Россия)</institution>
          </aff>
          <aff>
            <institution xml:lang="en">Ufa State Petroleum Technological University (Ufa, Russia)</institution>
          </aff>
        </aff-alternatives>
      </contrib-group>
      <pub-date pub-type="epub" iso-8601-date="2020-10-08">
        <day>08</day>
        <month>10</month>
        <year>2020</year>
      </pub-date>
      <pub-date date-type="collection">
        <year>2020</year>
      </pub-date>
      <volume>244</volume>
      <fpage>439</fpage>
      <lpage>447</lpage>
      <history>
        <date date-type="received" iso-8601-date="2019-11-20">
          <day>20</day>
          <month>11</month>
          <year>2019</year>
        </date>
        <date date-type="accepted" iso-8601-date="2020-01-20">
          <day>20</day>
          <month>01</month>
          <year>2020</year>
        </date>
        <date date-type="rev-recd" iso-8601-date="2020-10-08">
          <day>08</day>
          <month>10</month>
          <year>2020</year>
        </date>
      </history>
      <permissions>
        <copyright-statement xml:lang="ru">© 2020 А. И. Пономарев, А. Д. Юсупов</copyright-statement>
        <copyright-statement xml:lang="en">© 2020 Aleksandr I. Ponomarev, Aleksandr D. Yusupov</copyright-statement>
        <copyright-year>2020</copyright-year>
        <copyright-holder xml:lang="ru">А. И. Пономарев, А. Д. Юсупов</copyright-holder>
        <copyright-holder xml:lang="en">Aleksandr I. Ponomarev, Aleksandr D. Yusupov</copyright-holder>
        <license license-type="open-access" xlink:href="http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0" xml:lang="ru">
          <license-p>Эта статья доступна по лицензии Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International (CC BY 4.0)</license-p>
        </license>
        <license license-type="open-access" xlink:href="http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0" xml:lang="en">
          <license-p>This article is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License (CC BY 4.0)</license-p>
        </license>
      </permissions>
      <self-uri xlink:type="simple" xlink:href="https://pmi.spmi.ru/pmi/article/view/13510">https://pmi.spmi.ru/pmi/article/view/13510</self-uri>
      <abstract xml:lang="ru">
        <p>Объектом исследования служит участок системы сбора газа и газового конденсата, состоящий из углового дросселя, монтируемого на фонтанной елке, и трубопровода обвязки скважины, расположенного после углового дросселя. Целью исследования является оценка влияния скорости потока и касательного напряжения на стенке трубы (КНнС) на скорость протекания углекислотной коррозии на исследуемом участке и выдача обоснованных рекомендаций по рациональной эксплуатации углового дросселя с целью снижения интенсивности коррозии. В ходе решения данной задачи была разработана и в последующем применена методика оценки влияния различных факторов на скорость протекания углекислотной коррозии. Основой методики является последовательность различных методов моделирования: моделирование фазовых состояний добываемого продукта, трехмерное (твердотельное) моделирование исследуемого участка, гидродинамическое моделирование потока добываемого продукта с использованием метода конечных объемов и др. Разработанная методика обладает широкими возможностями визуализации полученных результатов, позволяющими идентифицировать участки, максимально подверженные воздействию углекислотной коррозии. В статье доказано, что средняя скорость потока и ее локальные значения не являются факторами, позволяющими прогнозировать протекание углекислотной коррозии на участке трубопровода после углового дросселя. Описывается доказательство преобладающего влияния КНнС на интенсивность протекания углекислотной коррозии на участке трубопровода после углового дросселя. Прогнозируемые согласно методики участки локализации коррозии сопоставлены с реальной картиной распространения коррозии на внутренней поверхности трубы, в результате чего сформированы рекомендации по рациональной эксплуатации углового дросселя.</p>
      </abstract>
      <abstract xml:lang="en">
        <p>The object of the study is a section of the gas and gas condensate collection system, consisting of an angle throttle installed on a xmas tree and a well piping located after the angle throttle. The aim of the study is to assess the impact of the flow velocity and wall shear stress (WSS) on the carbon dioxide corrosion rate in the area of interest and to come up with substantiated recommendations for the rational operation of the angle throttle in order to reduce the corrosion intensity. In the course of solving this problem, a technique was developed and subsequently applied to assess the influence of various factors on the rate of carbon dioxide corrosion. The technique is based on a sequence of different modeling methods: modeling the phase states of the extracted product, three-dimensional (solid) modeling of the investigated section, hydrodynamic flow modeling of the extracted product using the finite volume method, etc. The developed technique has broad possibilities for visualization of the obtained results, which allow identifying the sections most susceptible to the effects of carbon dioxide corrosion. The article shows that the average flow velocity and its local values are not the factors by which it is possible to predict the occurrence of carbon dioxide corrosion in the pipeline section after the angle throttle. The paper proves that WSS has prevailing effect on the corrosion intensity in the section after the angle choke. The zones of corrosion localization predicted according to the technique are compared with the real picture of corrosion propagation on the inner surface of the pipe, as a result of which recommendations for the rational operation of the angle throttle are formed.</p>
      </abstract>
      <kwd-group xml:lang="ru">
        <title>Ключевые слова</title>
        <kwd>углекислотная коррозия</kwd>
        <kwd>добыча газа</kwd>
        <kwd>угловой дроссель</kwd>
        <kwd>угловой регулятор давления</kwd>
        <kwd>касательное напряжение на стенке трубы</kwd>
        <kwd>напряжение сдвига</kwd>
        <kwd>численное моделирование</kwd>
        <kwd>метод конечных объемов</kwd>
      </kwd-group>
      <kwd-group xml:lang="en">
        <title>Keywords</title>
        <kwd>carbon dioxide corrosion</kwd>
        <kwd>gas production</kwd>
        <kwd>angle throttle</kwd>
        <kwd>angle pressure regulator</kwd>
        <kwd>shear stress on the pipe wall</kwd>
        <kwd>shear stress</kwd>
        <kwd>numerical modeling</kwd>
        <kwd>finite volume method</kwd>
      </kwd-group>
    </article-meta>
  </front>
  <body/>
  <back>
    <ref-list>
      <ref id="ref1">
        <label>1</label>
        <mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Башаров М.М. Определение касательного напряжения на стенке в газожидкостных средах / М.М.Башаров, А.Х.Зиятдинова // Вестник ИГЭУ. 2012. Вып. 3. С. 1-4.</mixed-citation>
        <mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Basharov M.M., Ziyatdinova A.Kh. Determination of shear stress on the wall in gas-liquid media. Vestnik IGEU. 2012. Iss. 3, p. 1-4 (in Russian).</mixed-citation>
      </ref>
      <ref id="ref2">
        <label>2</label>
        <mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Войтех Н.Д. Исследование влияния скорости движения жидкости на скорость углекислотной коррозии / Н.Д.Войтех, Ю.А.Журавлев, Д.А.Батулин // НефтеГазоХимия. 2013. № 1. С. 45-46.</mixed-citation>
        <mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Voitekh N.D., Zhuravlev Yu.A., Batulin D.A. Investigation of the influence of the fluid velocity on the rate of carbon dioxide corrosion. NefteGazoKhimiya. 2013. N 1, p. 45-46 (in Russian).</mixed-citation>
      </ref>
      <ref id="ref3">
        <label>3</label>
        <mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Затевалов Д.Н. Оценка фактора внутренней коррозии объектов добычи ПАО «Газпром» с повышенным содержанием углекислого газа / Д.Н.Запевалов, Р.К.Вагапов, К.А.Ибатуллин // Наука и техника в газовой промышленности. 2018. № 3 (75). С. 59-71.</mixed-citation>
        <mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Zapevalov D.N., Vagapov R.K., Ibatullin K.A. Assessment of the internal corrosion factor at production facilities of PJSC “Gazprom” with an increased carbon dioxide content. Nauka i tekhnika v gazovoi promyshlennosti. 2018. N 3 (75), p. 59-71 (in Russian).</mixed-citation>
      </ref>
      <ref id="ref4">
        <label>4</label>
        <mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Кашковский Р.В. Некоторые аспекты углекислотной коррозии стального оборудования и трубопроводов нефтегазовых промыслов / Р.В.Кашковский, К.А.Ибатуллин // Наука и техника в газовой промышленности. 2016. № 3 (67). С. 71-91.</mixed-citation>
        <mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Kashkovskii R.V., Ibatullin K.A. Some aspects of carbon dioxide corrosion of steel equipment and pipelines of oil and gas fields. Nauka i tekhnika v gazovoi promyshlennosti. 2016. N 3 (67), p. 71-91 (in Russian).</mixed-citation>
      </ref>
      <ref id="ref5">
        <label>5</label>
        <mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Коррозионный мониторинг и организация ингибиторной защиты от углекислотной коррозии установки низкотемпературной сепарации газа Юбилейного нефтегазоконденсатного месторождения / И.И.Байдин, А.Н.Харитонов, А.В.Величкин, А.В.Ильин, Е.С.Подолянский // Наука и техника в газовой промышленности. 2018. № 2 (74). С. 49-61.</mixed-citation>
        <mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Baidin I.I., Kharitonov A.N., Velichkin A.V., Ilin A.V., Podolyanskii E.S. Corrosion monitoring and organization of inhibitor protection against carbon dioxide corrosion of the low-temperature gas separation unit at the Yubileynoye oil and gas condensate field. Nauka i tekhnika v gazovoi promyshlennosti. 2018. N 2 (74), p. 49-61 (in Russian).</mixed-citation>
      </ref>
      <ref id="ref6">
        <label>6</label>
        <mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">A Direct Measurement of Wall Shear Stress in Multiphase Flow – Is It an Important Parameter in CO2 Corrosion of Carbon Steel Pipelines / W.Li, B.F.M.Pots, B.Brown, K.E.Kee, S.Nesic // Corrosion Science. 2016. Vol. 110. P. 35-45. DOI: 10.1016/j.corsci.2016.04.008</mixed-citation>
        <mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Li W., Pots B.F.M., Brown B., Kee K.E., Nesic S. A Direct Measurement of Wall Shear Stress in Multiphase Flow − Is It an Important Parameter in CO2 Corrosion of Carbon Steel Pipelines. Corrosion Science. 2016. Vol. 110, p. 35-45. DOI: 10.1016/j.corsci.2016.04.008</mixed-citation>
      </ref>
      <ref id="ref7">
        <label>7</label>
        <mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Ajmal T.S. Effect of hydrodynamics on the flow accelerated corrosion (FAC) and electrochemical impedance behavior of line pipe steel for petroleum industry / T.S.Ajmal, S.B.Arya, K.R.Udupa // International Journal of Pressure Vessels and Piping. 2019. Vol. 174. P. 42-53. DOI: 10.1016/j.ijpvp.2019.05.013</mixed-citation>
        <mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Ajmal T.S., Arya S.B., Udupa K.R. Effect of hydrodynamics on the flow accelerated corrosion (FAC) and electrochemical impedance behavior of line pipe steel for petroleum industry. International Journal of Pressure Vessels and Piping. 2019. Vol. 174, p. 42-53. DOI: 10.1016/j.ijpvp.2019.05.013</mixed-citation>
      </ref>
      <ref id="ref8">
        <label>8</label>
        <mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">De Waard C. Carbonic acid corrosion of steel / C.DeWaard, D.E.Milliams // Corrosion. 1975. Vol. 31 (5). P. 177-181. DOI: 10.5006/0010-9312-31.5.177</mixed-citation>
        <mixed-citation xml:lang="en">De Waard C., Milliams D.E. Carbonic acid corrosion of steel. Corrosion. 1975. Vol. 31 (5), p. 177-181. DOI: 10.5006/0010-9312-31.5.177</mixed-citation>
      </ref>
      <ref id="ref9">
        <label>9</label>
        <mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Effect of flow velocity on carbon dioxide corrosion behavior in oil and gas environments / T.Hara, H.Asahi, Y.Suehiro, H.Kaneta // Corrosion. 2000. Vol. 56. № 8. P. 860-866. DOI: 10.5006/1.3280589</mixed-citation>
        <mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Hara T., Asahi H., Suehiro Y., Kaneta H. Effect of flow velocity on carbon dioxide corrosion behavior in oil and gas environments. Corrosion. 2000. Vol. 56. N 8, p. 860-866. DOI: 10.5006/1.3280589</mixed-citation>
      </ref>
      <ref id="ref10">
        <label>10</label>
        <mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Kahyarian A. A new narrative for CO2 corrosion of mild steel / A.Kahyarian, S.Nesic // Journal of the Electrochemical Society. 2019. Vol. 166. № 11. DOI: 10.1149/2.0071911jes</mixed-citation>
        <mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Kahyarian A., Nesic S. A new narrative for CO2 corrosion of mild steel. Journal of the Electrochemical Society. 2019. Vol. 166. N 11. DOI: 10.1149/2.0071911jes</mixed-citation>
      </ref>
      <ref id="ref11">
        <label>11</label>
        <mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Kahyarian A. Modeling of uniform CO2 corrosion of mild steel in gas transportation systems: A review / A.Kahyarian, M.Singer, S.Nesic // Journal of Natural Gas Science and Engineering. 2016. Vol. 29. P. 530-549. DOI: 10.1016/j.jngse.2015.12.052</mixed-citation>
        <mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Kahyarian A., Singer M., Nesic S. Modeling of uniform CO2 corrosion of mild steel in gas transportation systems: A review. Journal of Natural Gas Science and Engineering. 2016. Vol. 29, p. 530-549. DOI: 10.1016/j.jngse.2015.12.052</mixed-citation>
      </ref>
      <ref id="ref12">
        <label>12</label>
        <mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Koriakin A. Carbon dioxide corrosion at the objects of the second district of Achimovsk deposits of Urengoy oil and gas bearing complex // International Journal of Mechanical Engineering and Technology. 2018. Vol. 9. Iss. 8. P. 1073-1080.</mixed-citation>
        <mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Koriakin A. Carbon dioxide corrosion at the objects of the second district of Achimovsk deposits of Urengoy oil and gas bearing complex. International Journal of Mechanical Engineering and Technology. 2018. Vol. 9. Iss. 8, p. 1073-1080. </mixed-citation>
      </ref>
      <ref id="ref13">
        <label>13</label>
        <mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Nesîc S. Carbon dioxide corrosion of mild steel // Uhlig’s Corrosion Handbook / Ed. by R.Winston Revie. New Jersey: John Wiley &amp; Sons, Hoboken, 2011. P. 229-245. DOI: 10.1002/9780470872864.ch19</mixed-citation>
        <mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Nešić S. Carbon dioxide corrosion of mild steel. Uhlig’s Corrosion Handbook. Ed. by R.Winston Revie. Hoboken, New Jersey: John Wiley &amp; Sons, 2011, p. 229-245. DOI: 10.1002/9780470872864.ch19</mixed-citation>
      </ref>
      <ref id="ref14">
        <label>14</label>
        <mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Nesîc S. Key issues related to modelling of internal corrosion of oil and gas pipelines – A review // Corrosion Science. 2007. Vol. 49. Iss. 12. P. 4308-4338. DOI: 10.1016/j.corsci.2007.06.006</mixed-citation>
        <mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Nešić S. Key issues related to modelling of internal corrosion of oil and gas pipelines – A review. Corrosion Science. 2007. Vol. 49. Iss. 12, p. 4308-4338. DOI: 10.1016/j.corsci.2007.06.006</mixed-citation>
      </ref>
      <ref id="ref15">
        <label>15</label>
        <mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Nyborg R. Guidelines for prediction of CO2 corrosion in oil and gas production systems; Institute for Energy Technology, 2009. P. 9.</mixed-citation>
        <mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Nyborg R. Guidelines for prediction of CO2 corrosion in oil and gas production systems; Institute for Energy Technology, 2009, p. 9.</mixed-citation>
      </ref>
      <ref id="ref16">
        <label>16</label>
        <mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Tran T. Corrosion of Mild Steel in an Aqueous CO2 Environment – Basic Electrochemical Mechanisms Revisited / T.Tran, B.Brown, S.Nesîc // Conference Paper: Corrosion, 15-19 March 2015, Dallas, Texas. P. 1916-1926. NACE-2015-5671.</mixed-citation>
        <mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Tran T., Brown B., Nešić S. Corrosion of Mild Steel in an Aqueous CO2 Environment – Basic Electrochemical Mechanisms Revisited. Conference Paper: Corrosion, 15-19 Marсh 2015, Dallas, Texas, p. 1916-1926. NACE-2015-5671.</mixed-citation>
      </ref>
      <ref id="ref17">
        <label>17</label>
        <mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Utanohara Y. Influence of flow velocity and temperature on flow accelerated corrosion rate at an elbow pipe / Y.Utanohara, M.Murase // Nuclear Engineering and Design. 2019. Vol. 342. P. 20-28. DOI: 10.1016/j.nucengdes.2018.11.022</mixed-citation>
        <mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Utanohara Y., Murase M. Influence of flow velocity and temperature on flow accelerated corrosion rate at an elbow pipe. Nuclear Engineering and Design. 2019. Vol. 342, p. 20-28. DOI: 10.1016/j.nucengdes.2018.11.022</mixed-citation>
      </ref>
      <ref id="ref18">
        <label>18</label>
        <mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Yusupov A. Mathematical simulation of the rate of carbon dioxide corrosion at the facilities of Gazprom dobycha Urengoy LLC // E3S Web of Conferences. Vol. 121. I International Conference «Corrosion in the Oil and Gas Industry 2019». DOI: 10.1051/e3sconf/201912101019</mixed-citation>
        <mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Yusupov A. Mathematical simulation of the rate of carbon dioxide corrosion at the facilities of Gazprom dobycha Urengoy LLC. E3S Web of Conferences. Vol. 121. I International Conference “Corrosion in the Oil and Gas Industry 2019”. DOI: 10.1051/e3sconf/201912101019</mixed-citation>
      </ref>
    </ref-list>
  </back>
</article>
