<?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?>
<article xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink" xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" dtd-version="1.4" article-type="research-article">
  <front>
    <journal-meta>
      <journal-id journal-id-type="issn">2411-3336</journal-id>
      <journal-id journal-id-type="eissn">2541-9404</journal-id>
      <journal-title-group>
        <journal-title xml:lang="ru">Записки Горного института</journal-title>
        <journal-title xml:lang="en">Journal of Mining Institute</journal-title>
      </journal-title-group>
      <publisher>
        <publisher-name xml:lang="ru">Санкт-Петербургский горный университет императрицы Екатерины ΙΙ</publisher-name>
        <publisher-name xml:lang="en">Empress Catherine II Saint Petersburg Mining University</publisher-name>
      </publisher>
    </journal-meta>
    <article-meta>
      <article-id pub-id-type="doi">10.31897/PMI.2020.6.10</article-id>
      <article-id custom-type="pmi" pub-id-type="custom">pmi-13480</article-id>
      <article-id pub-id-type="uri">https://pmi.spmi.ru/pmi/article/view/13480</article-id>
      <article-categories>
        <subj-group subj-group-type="section-heading" xml:lang="ru">
          <subject>Геоэкономика и менеджмент</subject>
        </subj-group>
        <subj-group subj-group-type="section-heading" xml:lang="en">
          <subject>Geoeconomics and Management</subject>
        </subj-group>
      </article-categories>
      <title-group>
        <article-title xml:lang="en">Analysis of project organization specifics in small-scale LNG production</article-title>
        <trans-title-group xml:lang="ru">
          <trans-title>Анализ специфики организации проектов  малотоннажного производства СПГ</trans-title>
        </trans-title-group>
      </title-group>
      <contrib-group>
        <contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes">
          <name name-style="eastern">
            <surname>Tcvetkov</surname>
            <given-names>Pavel S.</given-names>
          </name>
          <name-alternatives>
            <name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru">
              <surname>Цветков</surname>
              <given-names>П. С.</given-names>
            </name>
            <name name-style="western" xml:lang="en">
              <surname>Tcvetkov</surname>
              <given-names>Pavel S.</given-names>
            </name>
          </name-alternatives>
          <email>pscvetkov@yandex.ru</email>
          <contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">0000-0002-3049-7893</contrib-id>
          <xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff1"/>
        </contrib>
        <aff-alternatives id="aff1">
          <aff>
            <institution xml:lang="ru">Saint Petersburg Mining University (Санкт-петербург, Россия)</institution>
          </aff>
          <aff>
            <institution xml:lang="en"> (Saint Petersburg, Russia)</institution>
          </aff>
        </aff-alternatives>
        <contrib contrib-type="author">
          <name name-style="eastern">
            <surname>Fedoseev</surname>
            <given-names>S. V.</given-names>
          </name>
          <name-alternatives>
            <name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru">
              <surname>Федосеев</surname>
              <given-names>С. В.</given-names>
            </name>
            <name name-style="western" xml:lang="en">
              <surname>Fedoseev</surname>
              <given-names>S. V.</given-names>
            </name>
          </name-alternatives>
          <email>Fedoseev@mail.ru</email>
          <xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff2"/>
        </contrib>
        <aff-alternatives id="aff2">
          <aff>
            <institution xml:lang="ru">Институт экономических проблем им. Г.П.Лузина, Кольский научный центр РАН (Апатиты, Россия)</institution>
          </aff>
          <aff>
            <institution xml:lang="en">Luzin Institute for Economic Studies, Kola Science Center of the Russian Academy of Sciences (Apatity, Russia)</institution>
          </aff>
        </aff-alternatives>
      </contrib-group>
      <pub-date pub-type="epub" iso-8601-date="2020-12-29">
        <day>29</day>
        <month>12</month>
        <year>2020</year>
      </pub-date>
      <pub-date date-type="collection">
        <year>2020</year>
      </pub-date>
      <volume>246</volume>
      <fpage>678</fpage>
      <lpage>686</lpage>
      <history>
        <date date-type="received" iso-8601-date="2020-06-12">
          <day>12</day>
          <month>06</month>
          <year>2020</year>
        </date>
        <date date-type="accepted" iso-8601-date="2020-06-15">
          <day>15</day>
          <month>06</month>
          <year>2020</year>
        </date>
        <date date-type="rev-recd" iso-8601-date="2020-12-29">
          <day>29</day>
          <month>12</month>
          <year>2020</year>
        </date>
      </history>
      <permissions>
        <copyright-statement xml:lang="ru">© 2020 П. С. Цветков, С. В. Федосеев</copyright-statement>
        <copyright-statement xml:lang="en">© 2020 Pavel S. Tcvetkov, S. V. Fedoseev</copyright-statement>
        <copyright-year>2020</copyright-year>
        <copyright-holder xml:lang="ru">П. С. Цветков, С. В. Федосеев</copyright-holder>
        <copyright-holder xml:lang="en">Pavel S. Tcvetkov, S. V. Fedoseev</copyright-holder>
        <license license-type="open-access" xlink:href="http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0" xml:lang="ru">
          <license-p>Эта статья доступна по лицензии Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International (CC BY 4.0)</license-p>
        </license>
        <license license-type="open-access" xlink:href="http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0" xml:lang="en">
          <license-p>This article is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License (CC BY 4.0)</license-p>
        </license>
      </permissions>
      <self-uri xlink:type="simple" xlink:href="https://pmi.spmi.ru/pmi/article/view/13480">https://pmi.spmi.ru/pmi/article/view/13480</self-uri>
      <abstract xml:lang="ru">
        <p>Газовая промышленность играет значимую роль в мировой энергетике и в ближайшие десятилетия объемы производства природного газа будут только расти. Одним из наиболее динамично развивающихся направлений газовой промышленности является производство сжиженного природного газа (СПГ), что связано с необходимостью организации гибких систем газоснабжения регионов, удаленных от мест добычи газа. В отраслевой структуре производства СПГ выделяют проекты нескольких групп тоннажности, в частности, малотоннажное производство (МСПГ), совокупная производственная мощность которого составляет порядка 10 % от общеотраслевой. Экономические аспекты реализации подобных проектов изучены слабо, что не позволяет сделать объективные выводы о перспективах их реализации в конкретных регионах. В данной работе проведен обзор публикаций, посвященных изучению проектов МСПГ, для определения специфики их организации в сравнении с проектами большей тоннажности. Результаты показали, что большинство международных компаний относят к МСПГ проекты с годовой производственной мощностью менее 0,5 млн т в год. Удельные капитальные затраты, как и сроки реализации таких проектов, в несколько раз ниже, чем у проектов с большей производственной мощностью, что снижает их риски и минимизирует барьеры входа на рынок. Также МСПГ является наиболее децентрализованной подотраслью газовой промышленности, нацеленной на охват рынка за счет увеличения количества проектов, а не их удельной производственной мощности. Эти особенности определяют значительные перспективы развития МСПГ на территории России, как в части энергоснабжения отдаленных регионов, так и при диверсификации экспортных поставок.</p>
      </abstract>
      <abstract xml:lang="en">
        <p>Gas industry plays an important role in the global energy sector, and in the coming decades amountsof natural gas production will only increase. One of the fastest growing trends in gas industry is the production of liquefiednatural gas (LNG), which is associated with the necessity to organize flexible systems of gas supply to the regions,remote from gas extraction sites. Industrial structure of LNG production includes projects, belonging to several different groups depending to their scale, in particular, small-scale production (SSLNG), cumulative production capacityof which is approximately 10 % from the industry-wide one. Economic aspects of implementing such projects remainunderexplored, which does not allow to draw objective conclusions regarding the prospects of their implementationin particular regions.This paper contains a review of publications, devoted to SSLNG project studies, aimed at identifying specifics oftheir organization compared to projects of greater scale. The results demonstrate that the majority of internationalcompanies classify projects as SSLNG, if their annual production capacity is below 0.5 million tonnes per annum.Specific capital costs, as well as implementation timelines of such projects, are several times lower than those of projects with greater production capacity, which reduces their risks and minimizes barriers to market entry. Furthermore,SSLNG is the most decentralized subsector in gas industry, aiming to cover the market due to a growing numberof projects, not their specific production capacity. These specific features define significant prospects of SSLNGdevelopment in Russia, both in the context of energy supply to remote regions and diversification of export deliveries.</p>
      </abstract>
      <kwd-group xml:lang="ru">
        <title>Ключевые слова</title>
        <kwd>СПГ</kwd>
        <kwd>малотоннажное производство</kwd>
        <kwd>газораспределение</kwd>
        <kwd>транспортировка природного газа</kwd>
        <kwd>рынки природного газа</kwd>
        <kwd>газификация регионов</kwd>
      </kwd-group>
      <kwd-group xml:lang="en">
        <title>Keywords</title>
        <kwd>LNG</kwd>
        <kwd>small-scale production</kwd>
        <kwd>gas distribution</kwd>
        <kwd>natural gas transportation</kwd>
        <kwd>natural gas markets</kwd>
        <kwd>gasification of regions</kwd>
      </kwd-group>
    </article-meta>
  </front>
  <body/>
  <back>
    <ref-list>
      <ref id="ref1">
        <label>1</label>
        <mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Климентьев А. Возможности и перспективы развития малотоннажного СПГ в России / А.Климентьев, Т.Митронова, А.Собко. Энергетический центр Московской школы управления СКОЛКОВО, 2018. URL: https://energy.skolkovo.ru/downloads/documents/SEncC/Research/SKOLKOVO_EncC_2018.07.23.pdf (дата обращения 20.10.2019).</mixed-citation>
        <mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Klimentev A., Mitronova T., Sobko A. Opportunities and Prospects of Small-Scale LNG Development in Russia. Energeticheskii tsentr Moskovskoi shkoly upravleniya SKOLKOVO, 2018. URL: https://energy.skolkovo.ru/downloads/documents/SEneC/Research/SKOLKOVO_EneC_2018.07.23.pdf (date of access 20.10.2019).</mixed-citation>
      </ref>
      <ref id="ref2">
        <label>2</label>
        <mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Конопляник А.А. Малотоннажный СПГ: новые возможности для российского газа в Европе / А.А.Конопляник, А.А.Сергаева // Газовая промышленность. 2019. Т. 787. № 7. С. 42-54.</mixed-citation>
        <mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Konoplyanik A.A., Sergayeva A.A. Small-scale LNG: New opportunities for Russian gas in Europe. Gas Industry Magazine. 2019. Vol. 787. N 7, p. 42-54 (in Russian).</mixed-citation>
      </ref>
      <ref id="ref3">
        <label>3</label>
        <mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Уланов В.Л. Влияние внешних факторов на национальную энергетическую безопасность / В.Л.Уланов, Е.Ю.Уланова // Записки Горного института. 2019. Т. 238. С. 474-480. DOI: 10.31897/PMI.2019.4.474</mixed-citation>
        <mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Ulanov V.L., Ulanova E.Y. Impact of External Factors on National Energy Security. Journal of Mining Institute. 2019.Vol. 238, p. 474-480. DOI: 10.31897/PMI.2019.4.474</mixed-citation>
      </ref>
      <ref id="ref4">
        <label>4</label>
        <mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Экономические перспективы развития производства сжиженного природного газа / А.Е.Череповицын, Ф.Д.Ларичкин, А.Г.Воробьев, И.Азим // Горный журнал. 2018. № 2. С. 59-64. DOI: 10.17580/gzh.2018.02.09</mixed-citation>
        <mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Cherepovitsyn A.E., Larichkin F.D., Vorobiev A.G. et al. Economical prospects of advancement in liquefied natural gasproduction. Gornyi Zhurnal. 2018. N 2, p. 59-64. DOI: 10.17580/gzh.2018.02.09</mixed-citation>
      </ref>
      <ref id="ref5">
        <label>5</label>
        <mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Adotti C. Small Scale Whole Sale LNG // 26th World Gas Conference, 1-5 June 2015, Paris, France. URL: http://members.iq.uor/old/IGU%20Events/wgc/wgc-2015/commenttee-reports-with-tematic-sessions/thematic-sessions/ts-pgc-d-3-challenges-and-opportunities-of-small-scale-lng/c-adotti-st-pgc-d-3-final-presentation.pdf (дата обращения 19.01.2020).</mixed-citation>
        <mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Adotti C. Small Scale Whole Sale LNG // 26th World Gas Conference, 1-5 June 2015, Paris, France. URL: http://members.igu.org/old/IGU%20Events/wgc/wgc-2015/committee-reports-with-tnematic-sessions/thematic-sessions/ts-pgc-d-3-challenges-andopportunities-of-small-scale-lng/c-adotti-ts-pgc-d-3-final-presentation.pdf (date of access 19.01.2020).</mixed-citation>
      </ref>
      <ref id="ref6">
        <label>6</label>
        <mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">А micro cogeneration system with LNG cold utilization-part 1: energetic, economic and environmental analyses / B.B.Kanbur, L.Xiang, S.Dubey, F.H.Cho, F.Duan // Energy Procedia. 2017. Vol. 105. P. 1902-1909. DOI: 10.1016/J.EGYPRO.2017.03.558</mixed-citation>
        <mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Kanbur B.B., Xiang L., Dubey S., Choo F.H., Duan F. A micro cogeneration system with LNG cold utilization-part 1: energetic, economic and environmental analyses. Energy Procedia. 2017. Vol. 105, p. 1902-1909. DOI: 10.1016/J.EGYPRO.2017.03.558</mixed-citation>
      </ref>
      <ref id="ref7">
        <label>7</label>
        <mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Barclay M. Mini-to-Medium Scale LNG – A Profitable &amp; Environmentally Sustainable Solution for Flared or Stranded Gas // Presentation at Flaring Reduction and Gas Utilization Forum, 2015. URL: https://slideplayer.com/slide/4194572/ (дата обращения 19.01.2020).</mixed-citation>
        <mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Barclay M. Mini-to-Medium Scale LNG – A Profitable &amp; Environmentally Sustainable Solution for Flared or Stranded Gas //Presentation at Flaring Reduction and Gas Utilization Forum, 2015. URL: https://slideplayer.com/slide/4194572/ (date of access19.01.2020).</mixed-citation>
      </ref>
      <ref id="ref8">
        <label>8</label>
        <mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Birol F. Global Gas Security Review // IEA, 2019. URL: https://www.iea.org/reports/global-gas-security-review-2019 (дата обращения 20.10.2019)</mixed-citation>
        <mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Birol F. Global Gas Security Review // IEA, 2019. URL: https://www.iea.org/reports/global-gas-security-review-2019 (dateof access 20.10.2019).</mixed-citation>
      </ref>
      <ref id="ref9">
        <label>9</label>
        <mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Biscardini G. Small going big. Why small-scale LNG may by the next big wave / G.Biscardini, R.Schmill, A.Del Maestro // LNG Industry. 2018. URL: https://www.lngindustry.com/small-scale-lng/22082018/small-going-big-why-small-scale-lng-might-be-the-next-big-wave/ (дата обращения 20.10.2019).</mixed-citation>
        <mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Biscardini G., Schmill R., Del A. Maestro Small going big. Why small-scale LNG may by the next big wave. LNG Industry.2018. URL: https://www.lngindustry.com/small-scale-lng/22082018/small-going-big-why-small-scale-lng-might-be-the-next-big-wave/(date of access 20.10.2019).</mixed-citation>
      </ref>
      <ref id="ref10">
        <label>10</label>
        <mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">BNEF. Global LNG Outlook 2017. London, UK, 2017. URL: https://globallnghub.com/wp-content/uploads/attach_451.pdf (дата обращения 20.10.2019).</mixed-citation>
        <mixed-citation xml:lang="en">BNEF. Global LNG Outlook 2017. London, UK, 2017. URL: https://globallnghub.com/wp-content/uploads/attach_451.pdf (date of access 20.10.2019).</mixed-citation>
      </ref>
      <ref id="ref11">
        <label>11</label>
        <mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">BP: Statistical Review of World Energy – 2002 edition. URL: https://griequity.com/resources/industryandissues/Energy/bp2002statisticalreview.pdf (дата обращения 19.01.2020).</mixed-citation>
        <mixed-citation xml:lang="en">BP: Statistical Review of World Energy – 2002 edition. URL: https://griequity.com/resources/industryandissues/Energy/bp2002statisticalreview.pdf (date of access 19.01.2020).</mixed-citation>
      </ref>
      <ref id="ref12">
        <label>12</label>
        <mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">BP: Statistical Review of World Energy - 2008 edition. URL: http://eleceng.dit.ie/kaguhan/notes/DT015%20Energy%20Supply/Student%20Links/BP_Statistical_Review_of_World_Energy_June_2008_Slide_Transcript.pdf (дата обращения 19.01.2020).</mixed-citation>
        <mixed-citation xml:lang="en">BP: Statistical Review of World Energy – 2008 edition. URL: http://eleceng.dit.ie/kgaughan/notes/DT015%20Energy%20Supply/Student%20Links/BP_Statistical_Review_of_World_Energy_June_2008_Slide_Transcript.pdf (date of access 19.01.2020).</mixed-citation>
      </ref>
      <ref id="ref13">
        <label>13</label>
        <mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">BP: Statistical Review of World Energy - 2019 edition. URL: https://www.bp.com/content/dam/bp/business-sites/en/global/corporate/pdfs/energy-economics/statistical-review/bp-stats-review-2019-full-report.pdf (дата обращения 19.01.2020).</mixed-citation>
        <mixed-citation xml:lang="en">BP: Statistical Review of World Energy – 2019 edition. URL: https://www.bp.com/content/dam/bp/business-sites/en/global/corporate/pdfs/energy-economics/statistical-review/bp-stats-review-2019-full-report.pdf (date of access 19.01.2020).</mixed-citation>
      </ref>
      <ref id="ref14">
        <label>14</label>
        <mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Carayannis E. Russian Arctic Offshore Oil and Gas Projects: Methodological Framework for Evaluating Their Prospects / E.Carayannis, A.Ilinova, A.Chanysheva // Journal of the Knowledge Economy. 2019. P. 1-27. DOI: 10.1007/s13132-019-00602-7</mixed-citation>
        <mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Carayannis E., Ilinova A., Chanysheva A. Russian Arctic Offshore Oil and Gas Projects: Methodological Framework forEvaluating Their Prospects. Journal of the Knowledge Economy. 2019, p. 1-27. DOI: 10.1007/s13132-019-00602-7</mixed-citation>
      </ref>
      <ref id="ref15">
        <label>15</label>
        <mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Chambers R. Small-Scale LNG Supply Chains. Confronting the Diseconomies of Small-Scale LNG // Report at World Gas Conference, 2015, Paris, France. URL: https://gie.eu/index.php/gie-publications/presentations/ (дата обращения 20.10.2019).</mixed-citation>
        <mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Chambers R. Small-Scale LNG Supply Chains. Confronting the Diseconomies of Small-Scale LNG. Report at World GasConference, 2015, Paris, France. URL: https://gie.eu/index.php/gie-publications/presentations/ (date of access 20.10.2019).</mixed-citation>
      </ref>
      <ref id="ref16">
        <label>16</label>
        <mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Chiyoda Corporation: Official website. URL: https://www.chiyodacorp.com/en/service/lng/mid-small-scale-lng/ (дата обращения 20.10.2019).</mixed-citation>
        <mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Chiyoda Corporation: Official website. URL: https://www.chiyodacorp.com/en/service/lng/mid-small-scale-lng/ (date ofaccess 20.10.2019).</mixed-citation>
      </ref>
      <ref id="ref17">
        <label>17</label>
        <mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Costs and emissions assessment of a Blue Corridor in a Brazilian reality: The use of liquefied natural gas in the transport sector / D.Mouette, P.G.Machado, D.Fraga, D.Peyerl, R.R.Borges, T.L.F.Brito, E.M.dos Santos // Science of The Total Environment. 2019. Vol. 668. P. 1104-116. DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2019.02.255</mixed-citation>
        <mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Mouette D., Machado P.G., Fraga D., Peyerl D., Borges R.R., Brito T.L.F., dos Santos E.M. Costs and emissions assessment of a Blue Corridor in a Brazilian reality: The use of liquefied natural gas in the transport sector. Science of the Total Environment. 2019. Vol. 668, p. 1104-116. DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2019.02.255</mixed-citation>
      </ref>
      <ref id="ref18">
        <label>18</label>
        <mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Evseva O.O. An approach to assessment of sustainability of the large-scale Russian liquefied natural gas project / O.O.Evseva, A.E.Cherepovitsyn // Topical Issues of Rational Use of Natural Resources. 2019. Vol. 2. P. 608-614.</mixed-citation>
        <mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Evseeva O.O., Cherepovitsyn A.E. An approach to assessment of sustainability of the large-scale Russian liquefied naturalgas project. Topical Issues of Rational Use of Natural Resources. 2019. Vol. 2, p. 608-614.</mixed-citation>
      </ref>
      <ref id="ref19">
        <label>19</label>
        <mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Global energy perspective 2019: Reference Case. McKinsey &amp; Company, January 2019. URL: https://www.mckinsey.com//media/Mckinsey/Industries/Oil%20and%20Gas/Our%20Insights/Global%20Energy%20Perspective%202019/Mckinsey-Energy- Insights-Global-Energy-Perspective-2019_Reference-Case-Summary.ashx (дата обращения 19.01.2020).</mixed-citation>
        <mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Global energy perspective 2019: Reference Case. McKinsey &amp; Company, January 2019. URL: https://www.mckinsey.com/~/media/McKinsey/Industries/Oil%20and%20Gas/Our%20Insights/Global%20Energy%20Perspective%202019/McKinsey-EnergyInsights-Global-Energy-Perspective-2019_Reference-Case-Summary.ashx (date of access 19.01.2020).</mixed-citation>
      </ref>
      <ref id="ref20">
        <label>20</label>
        <mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">GEA Engineering: Official website. URL: https://www.gea.com/en/solutions/small-scale-lng-solutions.jsp (дата обращения 20.10.2019).</mixed-citation>
        <mixed-citation xml:lang="en">GEA Engineering: Official website. URL: https://www.gea.com/en/solutions/small-scale-lng-solutions.jsp (date of access20.10.2019).</mixed-citation>
      </ref>
      <ref id="ref21">
        <label>21</label>
        <mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Global Gas &amp; LNG outlook to 2035-2019 edition. URL: https://www.mckinsey.com/industries/oil-and-gas/our-insights/global-gas-and-lng-outlook-to-2035 (дата обращения 19.01.2020).</mixed-citation>
        <mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Global Gas &amp; LNG outlook to 2035-2019 edition. URL: https://www.mckinsey.com/industries/oil-and-gas/our-insights/global-gas-and-lng-outlook-to-2035 (date of access 19.01.2020).</mixed-citation>
      </ref>
      <ref id="ref22">
        <label>22</label>
        <mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Hagos D.A. Well-to-wheel assessment of natural gas vehicles and their fuel supply infrastructures- Perspectives on gas in transport in Denmark / D.A.Hagos, E.O.Ahlgren // Transportation Research Part D: Transport and Environment. 2018. Vol. 65. P. 14-35. DOI: 10.1016/j.trd.2018.07.018</mixed-citation>
        <mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Hagos D.A., Ahlgren E.O. Well-to-wheel assessment of natural gas vehicles and their fuel supply infrastructures–Perspectives on gas in transport in Denmark. Transportation Research Part D: Transport and Environment. 2018. Vol. 65, p. 14-35.DOI: 10.1016/j.trd.2018.07.018</mixed-citation>
      </ref>
      <ref id="ref23">
        <label>23</label>
        <mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Henderson J. Global LNG Outlook. The Oxford Institute for Energy Studies, 2017. URL: https://www.imeo.ru/files/File/ru/conf/2017/13042017/13042017-PRZ-HEN.pdf (дата обращения 20.10.2019).</mixed-citation>
        <mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Henderson J. Global LNG Outlook. The Oxford Institute for Energy Studies, 2017. URL: https://www.imemo.ru/files/File/ru/conf/2017/13042017/13042017-PRZ-HEN.pdf (date of access 20.10.2019).</mixed-citation>
      </ref>
      <ref id="ref24">
        <label>24</label>
        <mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">He T. Review on the design and optimization of natural gas liquefaction processes for onshore and offshore applications / T.He, I.A.Karimi, Y.Ju // Chemical Engineering Research and Design. 2018. Vol. 132. P. 89-114. DOI: 10.1016/j.cherad.2018.01.002</mixed-citation>
        <mixed-citation xml:lang="en">He T., Karimi I.A., Ju Y. Review on the design and optimization of natural gas liquefaction processes for onshore andoffshore applications. Chemical Engineering Research and Design. 2018. Vol. 132, p. 89-114. DOI: 10.1016/j.cherd.2018.01.002</mixed-citation>
      </ref>
      <ref id="ref25">
        <label>25</label>
        <mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">IEA Gas 2018. Analysis and Forecasts to 2023. Gas Market Report. IEA, 2018. URL: https://iea.blob.core.windows.net/assets/c956c307-f104-41f4-9300-ff245bcee93e/English-Gas-2018-ES.pdf (дата обращения 19.01.2020).</mixed-citation>
        <mixed-citation xml:lang="en">IEA Gas 2018. Analysis and Forecasts to 2023. Gas Market Report. IEA, 2018.URL: https://iea.blob.core.windows.net/assets/c956c307-f104-41f4-9300-ff245bece93e/English-Gas-2018-ES.pdf (date of access19.01.2020).</mixed-citation>
      </ref>
      <ref id="ref26">
        <label>26</label>
        <mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">IEE. Outlook 2019: Energy transition and a thorny path for 3E challenges // The 430th Forum on Research Work, 15 October 2018, Tokyo, Japan. URL: https://eneken.ieej.or.jp/data/8123.pdf (дата обращения 19.01.2020).</mixed-citation>
        <mixed-citation xml:lang="en">IEE. Outlook 2019: Energy transition and a thorny path for 3E challenges // The 430th Forum on Research Work, 15 October 2018, Tokyo, Japan. URL: https://eneken.ieej.or.jp/data/8123.pdf (date of access 19.01.2020).</mixed-citation>
      </ref>
      <ref id="ref27">
        <label>27</label>
        <mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">IGU. World LNG Report-2013 Edition. International Gas Union. 2013. URL: https://www.igu.org/sites/default/files/node-page-field_file/IGU%20-%20World%20LNG%20Report%20-%202013%20Edition.pdf (дата обращения 19.01.2020)</mixed-citation>
        <mixed-citation xml:lang="en">IGU. World LNG Report–2013 Edition. International Gas Union. 2013. URL: https://www.igu.org/sites/default/files/nodepage-field_file/IGU%20-%20World%20LNG%20Report%20-%202013%20Edition.pdf (date of access 19.01.2020).</mixed-citation>
      </ref>
      <ref id="ref28">
        <label>28</label>
        <mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">IGU. LNG as Fuel. 2012-2015 Triennium Work Report. International Gas Union. 2015. URL: https://www.igu.org/sites/default/files/node-page-field_file/LNGasFuel.pdf (дата обращения 19.01.2020).</mixed-citation>
        <mixed-citation xml:lang="en">IGU. LNG as Fuel. 2012-2015 Triennium Work Report. International Gas Union. 2015. URL: https://www.igu.org/sites/default/files/node-page-field_file/LNGasFuel.pdf (date of access 19.01.2020).</mixed-citation>
      </ref>
      <ref id="ref29">
        <label>29</label>
        <mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">IGU. Small Scale LNG. 2012-2015 Triennium Work Report. International Gas Union. 2015. URL: https://www.igu.org/sites/default/files/node-page-field_file/SmallScaleLNG.pdf (дата обращения 19.01.2020).</mixed-citation>
        <mixed-citation xml:lang="en">IGU. Small Scale LNG. 2012-2015 Triennium Work Report. International Gas Union. 2015. URL: https://www.igu.org/sites/ default/files/node-page-field_file/SmallScaleLNG.pdf (date of access 19.01.2020).</mixed-citation>
      </ref>
      <ref id="ref30">
        <label>30</label>
        <mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">IGU. World LNG Report - 2019 Edition. International Gas Union. 2019. URL: https://www.igu.org/sites/default/files/node-news_item-field_file/IGU%20Annual%20Report%202019_23%20loresfinal.pdf (дата обращения 20.10.2019).</mixed-citation>
        <mixed-citation xml:lang="en">IGU. World LNG Report – 2019 Edition. International Gas Union. 2019. URL: https://www.igu.org/sites/default/files/node-news_item-field_file/IGU%20Annual%20Report%202019_23%20loresfinal.pdf (date of access 20.10.2019).</mixed-citation>
      </ref>
      <ref id="ref31">
        <label>31</label>
        <mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Ilinova A. Algorithm for assessing the prospects of offshore oil and gas projects in the Arctic / A.Ilinova, A.Chanysheva // Energy Reports. 2020. Vol. 6. P. 504-509. DOI: 10.1016/j.egyr.2019.11.110</mixed-citation>
        <mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Ilinova A., Chanysheva A. Algorithm for assessing the prospects of offshore oil and gas projects in the Arctic. EnergyReports. 2020. Vol. 6, p. 504-509. DOI: 10.1016/j.egyr.2019.11.110</mixed-citation>
      </ref>
      <ref id="ref32">
        <label>32</label>
        <mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Jokinen R. An MILP model for optimization of a small-scale LNG supply chain along a coastline / R.Jokinen, F.Pettersson, H.Saxén // Applied Energy. 2015. Vol. 138. P. 423-431. DOI: 10.1016/j.apenergy.2014.10.039</mixed-citation>
        <mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Jokinen R., Pettersson F., Saxén H. An MILP model for optimization of a small-scale LNG supply chain along a coastline.Applied Energy. 2015. Vol. 138, p. 423-431. DOI: 10.1016/j.apenergy.2014.10.039</mixed-citation>
      </ref>
      <ref id="ref33">
        <label>33</label>
        <mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Khan M.S. Retrospective and future perspective of natural gas liquefaction and optimization technologies contributing to efficient LNG supply: A review / M.S.Khan, I.A.Karimi, D.A.Wood // Journal of Natural Gas Science and Engineering. 2017. Vol. 45. P. 165-188. DOI: 10.1016/j.jngse.2017.04.035</mixed-citation>
        <mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Khan M.S., Karimi I.A., Wood D.A. Retrospective and future perspective of natural gas liquefaction and optimization technologies contributing to efficient LNG supply: A review. Journal of Natural Gas Science and Engineering. 2017. Vol. 45, p. 165-188.DOI: 10.1016/j.jngse.2017.04.035</mixed-citation>
      </ref>
      <ref id="ref34">
        <label>34</label>
        <mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Kramer M. The Role of Natural Gas in the Energy Transition // Report at 27th World Gas Conference, 2019, Washington, USA. URL: https://www.igu.org/sites/default/files/6%20-%20WFTES%20Decarbonisation%20160117%20Marcel%20Kramer.pdf (дата обращения 19.01.2020).</mixed-citation>
        <mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Kramer M. The Role of Natural Gas in the Energy Transition // Report at 27th World Gas Conference, 2019, Washington,USA. URL: https://www.igu.org/sites/default/files/6%20-%20WFES%20Decarbonisation%20160117%20Marcel%20Kramer.pdf (dateof access 19.01.2020).</mixed-citation>
      </ref>
      <ref id="ref35">
        <label>35</label>
        <mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Lim W. Current Status and Perspectives of Liquefied Natural Gas (LNG) Plant Design / W.Lim, K.Choi, I.Moon // Industrial &amp; Engineering Chemistry Research. 2013. Vol. 52. Iss. 9. P. 3065-3088. DOI: 10.1021/e302877g</mixed-citation>
        <mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Lim W., Choi K., Moon I. Current Status and Perspectives of Liquefied Natural Gas (LNG) Plant Design. Industrial &amp;Engineering Chemistry Research. 2013. Vol. 52. Iss. 9, p. 3065-3088. DOI: 10.1021/ie302877g</mixed-citation>
      </ref>
      <ref id="ref36">
        <label>36</label>
        <mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Litvinenko V.S. Innovations as a Factor in the Development of the Natural Resources Sector / V.S.Litvinenko, I.B.Sergeev // Studies on Russian Economic Development. 2019. Vol. 30. Iss. 6. P. 637-645. DOI: 10.1134/S107570071906011X</mixed-citation>
        <mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Litvinenko V.S., Sergeev I.B. Innovations as a Factor in the Development of the Natural Resources Sector. Studies on RussianEconomic Development. 2019. Vol. 30. Iss. 6, p. 637-645. DOI: 10.1134/S107570071906011X</mixed-citation>
      </ref>
      <ref id="ref37">
        <label>37</label>
        <mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Litvinenko V. The Role of Hydrocarbons in the Global Energy Agenda: The Focus on Liquefied Natural Gas // Resources. 2020. Vol. 9. Iss. 5. № 59. DOI: 10.3390/resources9050059</mixed-citation>
        <mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Litvinenko V. The Role of Hydrocarbons in the Global Energy Agenda: The Focus on Liquefied Natural Gas. Resources.2020. Vol. 9. Iss. 5. N 59. DOI: 10.3390/resources9050059</mixed-citation>
      </ref>
      <ref id="ref38">
        <label>38</label>
        <mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">LNG Market Trends and Their Implications // Technology report. IEA, 2019. URL: https://www.iea.org/reports/lng-market-trends-and-their-implications (дата обращения 19.01.2020).</mixed-citation>
        <mixed-citation xml:lang="en">LNG Market Trends and Their Implications. Technology report. IEA, 2019. URL: https://www.iea.org/reports/lng-markettrends-and-their-implications (date of access 19.01.2020).</mixed-citation>
      </ref>
      <ref id="ref39">
        <label>39</label>
        <mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">LNG Technology: Optimised solutions for small to world-scale plants // Linde Group, 2018. URL: http://www.linde-engineering.ru/ru/images/LNG-technology-small-to-world-scale-plants-2019_tcm480-4577.pdf (дата обращения 19.01.2020).</mixed-citation>
        <mixed-citation xml:lang="en">LNG Technology: Optimised solutions for small- to world-scale plants. Linde Group, 2018. URL: http://www.lindeengineering.ru/ru/images/LNG-technology-small-to-world-scale-plants-2019_tcm480-4577.pdf (date of access 19.01.2020).</mixed-citation>
      </ref>
      <ref id="ref40">
        <label>40</label>
        <mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Maynitskiy I. The Evolution of Small-Scale LNG Markets: The View from Gazprom Export // Small Scale LNG Forum, 22-23 October 2012, Istanbul, Turkey. URL: http://www.gazpromexport.com/files/22_10_2012_-_Evolution_of_Small-Scale_LNG117.pdf (дата обращения 19.01.2020).</mixed-citation>
        <mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Maynitskiy I. The Evolution of Small-Scale LNG Markets: The View from Gazprom Export. Small Scale LNG Forum,22-23 October 2012, Istanbul, Turkey. URL: http://www.gazpromexport.com/files/22_10_2012_-_Evolution_of_Small-Scale_LNG117.pdf (date of access 19.01.2020).</mixed-citation>
      </ref>
      <ref id="ref41">
        <label>41</label>
        <mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Mini and Micro LNG for Commercialization of Small Volumes of Associated Gas // Tractebel Engineering, 2015. URL: https://openknowledge.worldbank.org/handle/10986/25919 (дата обращения 19.01.2020).</mixed-citation>
        <mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Mini and Micro LNG for Commercialization of Small Volumes of Associated Gas. Tractebel Engineering, 2015.URL: https://openknowledge.worldbank.org/handle/10986/25919 (date of access 19.01.2020).</mixed-citation>
      </ref>
      <ref id="ref42">
        <label>42</label>
        <mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">On-site LNG production at filling stations / M.A.Ancona, M.Bianchi, L.Branchini, A.De Pascale, F.Melino, M.Mormile, M.Palella // Applied Thermal Engineering. 2018. Vol. 137. P. 142-153. DOI: 10.1016/j.applthermaleng.2018.03.079</mixed-citation>
        <mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Ancona M.A., Bianchi M., Branchini L., De Pascale A., Melino F., Mormile M., Palella M. On-site LNG productionat filling stations. Applied Thermal Engineering. 2018. Vol. 137, p. 142-153. DOI: 10.1016/j.applthermaleng.2018.03.079</mixed-citation>
      </ref>
      <ref id="ref43">
        <label>43</label>
        <mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Pedraza J.M. Current Status and Perspective in the Use of Natural Gas for Electricity Generation in the North America Region // Conventional Energy in North America. 2019. P. 155-209. DOI: 10.1016/B978-0-12-814889-1.00003-6</mixed-citation>
        <mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Pedraza J.M. Current Status and Perspective in the Use of Natural Gas for Electricity Generation in the North AmericaRegion. Conventional Energy in North America. 2019, p. 155-209. DOI: 10.1016/B978-0-12-814889-1.00003-6</mixed-citation>
      </ref>
      <ref id="ref44">
        <label>44</label>
        <mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Powell J.B. Natural Gas Utilization: Current Status and Opportunities // Catalysis Today, 2019. DOI: 10.1016/j.cattod.2019.10.024</mixed-citation>
        <mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Powell J.B. Natural Gas Utilization: Current Status and Opportunities. Catalysis Today, 2019.DOI: 10.1016/j.cattod.2019.10.024</mixed-citation>
      </ref>
      <ref id="ref45">
        <label>45</label>
        <mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Punnonen K. Small and Medium size LNG for Power Production. Vaasa: Wärtsilä Finland Oy, 2013. URL: https://www.wartsila.com/docs/default-source/oil-gas-documents/white-paper-o-ogi-2013-lng-power-production.pdf (дата обращения 20.10.2019).</mixed-citation>
        <mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Punnonen K. Small and Medium size LNG for Power Production. Vaasa: Wärtsilä Finland Oy, 2013.URL: https://www.wartsila.com/docs/default-source/oil-gas-documents/white-paper-o-ogi-2013-lng-power-production.pdf (date ofaccess 20.10.2019).</mixed-citation>
      </ref>
      <ref id="ref46">
        <label>46</label>
        <mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Regan T. Small scale LNG: Emerging technologies for small scale grids // Presentation to ESI Thinktank Roundtable, 27 October 2017, Singapore. URL: https://esi.nus.edu.sg/docs/default-source/doc/smallscale-lng---esi-roundtable.pdf?sfvrsn=2 (дата обращения 19.01.2020).</mixed-citation>
        <mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Regan T. Small scale LNG: Emerging technologies for small scale grids. Presentation to ESI Thinktank Roundtable,27 October 2017, Singapore. URL: https://esi.nus.edu.sg/docs/default-source/doc/smallscale-lng---esi-roundtable.pdf?sfvrsn=2(date of access 19.01.2020).</mixed-citation>
      </ref>
      <ref id="ref47">
        <label>47</label>
        <mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Sharples J. LNG supply chains and the development of LNG as a shipping fuel in Northern Europe. Oxford Institute for Energy Studies, 2019. 60 p. DOI: 10.26889/9781784671266</mixed-citation>
        <mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Sharples J. LNG supply chains and the development of LNG as a shipping fuel in Northern Europe. Oxford Institute forEnergy Studies, 2019, p. 60. DOI: 10.26889/9781784671266</mixed-citation>
      </ref>
      <ref id="ref48">
        <label>48</label>
        <mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Steuer C. Outlook for competitive LNG supply. Oxford Institute for Energy Studies, 2019. 44 p. DOI: 10.26889/9781784671310</mixed-citation>
        <mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Steuer C. Outlook for competitive LNG supply. Oxford Institute for Energy Studies, 2019, p. 44.DOI: 10.26889/9781784671310</mixed-citation>
      </ref>
      <ref id="ref49">
        <label>49</label>
        <mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Small-scale LNG in Asia-Pacific // APEC Energy Group, 2019. URL: https://www.apec.org/-/media/APEC/Publications/2019/9/Small-scale-LNG-in-Asia-Pacific/219_EWG_Small-scale-LNG-in-Asia-Pacific.pdf (дата обращения 19.01.2020).</mixed-citation>
        <mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Small-scale LNG in Asia-Pacific. APEC Energy Group, 2019. URL: https://www.apec.org/-/media/APEC/Publications/2019/9/Small-scale-LNG-in-Asia-Pacific/219_EWG_Small-scale-LNG-in-Asia-Pacific.pdf (date of access 19.01.2020).</mixed-citation>
      </ref>
      <ref id="ref50">
        <label>50</label>
        <mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Tcvetkov P. Economic assessment of heat and power generation from small-scale liquefied natural gas in Russia / P.Tcvetkov, A.Cherepovitsyn, A.Makhovikov // Energy Reports. 2020. Vol. 6. P. 391-402. DOI: 10.1016/j.egyr.2019.11.093</mixed-citation>
        <mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Tcvetkov P., Cherepovitsyn A., Makhovikov A. Economic assessment of heat and power generation from small-scaleliquefied natural gas in Russia. Energy Reports. 2020. Vol. 6, p. 391-402. DOI: 10.1016/j.egyr.2019.11.093</mixed-citation>
      </ref>
      <ref id="ref51">
        <label>51</label>
        <mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">The Electrification of Ships Using the Northern Sea Route: An Approach / C.Savard, A.Nikulina, C.Mecemmene, E.Mokhova // Journal of Open Innovation: Technology, Market, and Complexity. 2020. Vol. 6. Iss. 1. P. 13. DOI: 10.3390/joitmc6010013</mixed-citation>
        <mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Savard C., Nikulina A., Mécemmène C., Mokhova E. The Electrification of Ships Using the Northern Sea Route: An Approach.Journal of Open Innovation: Technology, Market, and Complexity. 2020. Vol. 6. Iss. 1, p. 13. DOI: 10.3390/joitmc6010013</mixed-citation>
      </ref>
      <ref id="ref52">
        <label>52</label>
        <mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">The LNG Industry GIIGNL Annual Report 2019 // GIIGNL, 2019. URL: https://gignl.org/sites/default/files/PUBLIC_AREA/Publications/gignl_annual_report_2019-compressed.pdf (дата обращения 20.10.2019).</mixed-citation>
        <mixed-citation xml:lang="en">The LNG Industry GIIGNL Annual Report 2019. GIIGNL, 2019. URL: https://giignl.org/sites/default/files/PUBLIC_AREA/Publications/giignl_annual_report_2019-compressed.pdf (date of access 20.10.2019).</mixed-citation>
      </ref>
      <ref id="ref53">
        <label>53</label>
        <mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">TGE Gas Engineering: Official website. URL: https://www.tge-gas.com (дата обращения 20.10.2019).</mixed-citation>
        <mixed-citation xml:lang="en">TGE Gas Engineering: Official website. URL: https://www.tge-gas.com (date of access 20.10.2019).</mixed-citation>
      </ref>
      <ref id="ref54">
        <label>54</label>
        <mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Voronov V.A. Energy-efficient small-scale liquefied natural gas production technology for gas distribution stations / V.A.Voronov, A.Y.Ruzmanov // Topical Issues of Rational Use of Natural Resources. 2019. Vol. 2. P. 901-906.</mixed-citation>
        <mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Voronov V.A., Ruzmanov A.Y. Energy-efficient small-scale liquefied natural gas production technology for gas distribution stations. Topical Issues of Rational Use of Natural Resources. 2019. Vol. 2, p. 901-906.</mixed-citation>
      </ref>
      <ref id="ref55">
        <label>55</label>
        <mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Wittermans F. Small Scale LNG Needs Cooperation in the Value Chain // Report at World Gas Conference. Paris, France, 2015. URL: https://gie.eu/index.php/gie-publications/presentations (дата обращения 20.10.2019).</mixed-citation>
        <mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Wittermans F. Small Scale LNG Needs Cooperation in the Value Chain. Report at World Gas Conference. Paris, France,2015. URL: https://gie.eu/index.php/gie-publications/presentations/ (date of access 20.10.2019).</mixed-citation>
      </ref>
      <ref id="ref56">
        <label>56</label>
        <mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Wei L. A Look at the Development Trend of Liquefaction Technology from China’s LNG Plants // Report at International Business Congress, 29 January 2019, Duisburg, Germany. URL: https://www.international-bc-online.org/wp-content/uploads/2019/02/8.-CNPC-ENG-1.pdf (дата обращения 19.01.2020).</mixed-citation>
        <mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Wei L. A Look at the Development Trend of Liquefaction Technology from China’s LNG Plants. Report at InternationalBusiness Congress, 29 January 2019, Duisburg, Germany. URL: https://www.international-bc-online.org/wp-content/uploads/2019/02/8.-CNPC-ENG-1.pdf (date of access 19.01.2020).</mixed-citation>
      </ref>
    </ref-list>
  </back>
</article>
