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  <front>
    <journal-meta>
      <journal-id journal-id-type="issn">2411-3336</journal-id>
      <journal-id journal-id-type="eissn">2541-9404</journal-id>
      <journal-title-group>
        <journal-title xml:lang="ru">Записки Горного института</journal-title>
        <journal-title xml:lang="en">Journal of Mining Institute</journal-title>
      </journal-title-group>
      <publisher>
        <publisher-name xml:lang="ru">Санкт-Петербургский горный университет императрицы Екатерины ΙΙ</publisher-name>
        <publisher-name xml:lang="en">Empress Catherine II Saint Petersburg Mining University</publisher-name>
      </publisher>
    </journal-meta>
    <article-meta>
      <article-id pub-id-type="doi">10.31897/pmi.2020.2.133</article-id>
      <article-id custom-type="pmi" pub-id-type="custom">pmi-13444</article-id>
      <article-id pub-id-type="uri">https://pmi.spmi.ru/pmi/article/view/13444</article-id>
      <article-categories>
        <subj-group subj-group-type="section-heading" xml:lang="ru">
          <subject>Геология</subject>
        </subj-group>
        <subj-group subj-group-type="section-heading" xml:lang="en">
          <subject>Geology</subject>
        </subj-group>
      </article-categories>
      <title-group>
        <article-title xml:lang="en">Petrographic structures and Hardy – Weinberg equilibrium</article-title>
        <trans-title-group xml:lang="ru">
          <trans-title>Петрографические структуры и равновесия Харди – Вайнберга</trans-title>
        </trans-title-group>
      </title-group>
      <contrib-group>
        <contrib contrib-type="author">
          <name name-style="eastern">
            <surname>Voytekhovsky</surname>
            <given-names>Yury L.</given-names>
          </name>
          <name-alternatives>
            <name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru">
              <surname>Войтеховский</surname>
              <given-names>Ю. Л.</given-names>
            </name>
            <name name-style="western" xml:lang="en">
              <surname>Voytekhovsky</surname>
              <given-names>Yury L.</given-names>
            </name>
          </name-alternatives>
          <email>Voytekhovskiy_YuL@pers.spmi.ru</email>
          <xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff1"/>
        </contrib>
        <aff-alternatives id="aff1">
          <aff>
            <institution xml:lang="ru">Санкт-Петербургский горный университет (Россия)</institution>
          </aff>
          <aff>
            <institution xml:lang="en">Saint Petersburg Mining University (Russia)</institution>
          </aff>
        </aff-alternatives>
        <contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes">
          <name name-style="eastern">
            <surname>Zakharova</surname>
            <given-names>Alena A.</given-names>
          </name>
          <name-alternatives>
            <name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru">
              <surname>Захарова</surname>
              <given-names>А. А.</given-names>
            </name>
            <name name-style="western" xml:lang="en">
              <surname>Zakharova</surname>
              <given-names>Alena A.</given-names>
            </name>
          </name-alternatives>
          <email>zakharova.alena27614@gmail.com</email>
          <xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff2"/>
        </contrib>
        <aff-alternatives id="aff2">
          <aff>
            <institution xml:lang="ru">Санкт-Петербургский горный университет (Россия)</institution>
          </aff>
          <aff>
            <institution xml:lang="en">Saint Petersburg Mining University (Russia)</institution>
          </aff>
        </aff-alternatives>
      </contrib-group>
      <pub-date pub-type="epub" iso-8601-date="2020-04-24">
        <day>24</day>
        <month>04</month>
        <year>2020</year>
      </pub-date>
      <pub-date date-type="collection">
        <year>2020</year>
      </pub-date>
      <volume>242</volume>
      <fpage>133</fpage>
      <lpage>138</lpage>
      <history>
        <date date-type="received" iso-8601-date="2019-07-29">
          <day>29</day>
          <month>07</month>
          <year>2019</year>
        </date>
        <date date-type="accepted" iso-8601-date="2020-01-10">
          <day>10</day>
          <month>01</month>
          <year>2020</year>
        </date>
        <date date-type="rev-recd" iso-8601-date="2020-04-24">
          <day>24</day>
          <month>04</month>
          <year>2020</year>
        </date>
      </history>
      <permissions>
        <copyright-statement xml:lang="ru">© 2020 Ю. Л. Войтеховский, А. А. Захарова</copyright-statement>
        <copyright-statement xml:lang="en">© 2020 Yury L. Voytekhovsky, Alena A. Zakharova</copyright-statement>
        <copyright-year>2020</copyright-year>
        <copyright-holder xml:lang="ru">Ю. Л. Войтеховский, А. А. Захарова</copyright-holder>
        <copyright-holder xml:lang="en">Yury L. Voytekhovsky, Alena A. Zakharova</copyright-holder>
        <license license-type="open-access" xlink:href="http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0" xml:lang="ru">
          <license-p>Эта статья доступна по лицензии Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International (CC BY 4.0)</license-p>
        </license>
        <license license-type="open-access" xlink:href="http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0" xml:lang="en">
          <license-p>This article is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License (CC BY 4.0)</license-p>
        </license>
      </permissions>
      <self-uri xlink:type="simple" xlink:href="https://pmi.spmi.ru/pmi/article/view/13444">https://pmi.spmi.ru/pmi/article/view/13444</self-uri>
      <abstract xml:lang="ru">
        <p>Статья посвящена наиболее описательному разделу современной петрографии – определению, классификации и номенклатуре петрографических структур. Предложен математический формализм, использующий теорию квадратичных форм (с перспективным расширением на алгебраические формы третьего и четвертого порядков) и статистики бинарных (соответственно, тернарных и куотернарных) межзерновых контактов в полиминеральной горной породе. Он позволяет построить полную классификацию петрографических структур с границами, отвечающими равновесиям Харди – Вайнберга. Алгебраическое выражение петрографической структуры – каноническая диагональная форма симметрической матрицы вероятностей бинарных межзерновых контактов в горной породе. Каждой петрографической структуре однозначно сопоставляется структурная индикатриса – центральная квадратичная поверхность в n-мерном пространстве, где n – число минералов, слагающих горную породу. Структурная индикатриса – аналог коноскопической фигуры, используемой для оптического распознавания минералов. Показано, что непрерывность изменения организации горных пород (то есть вероятностей различных межзерновых контактов) не противоречит резкому изменению структуры на границах классификации. Тем самым решена задача, казавшаяся неразрешимой А.Харкеру и Е.С.Федорову. Методика применена для описания структур гранитов Салминского плутона (Карелия) и массива Акжайляу (Казахстан) и потенциально применима для расчленения монотонных толщ, корреляции разрезов – везде, где нужна однозначная, воспроизводимая диагностика петрографических структур. Важная перспективная задача метода – извлечение из полученной диагностики генетической информации.</p>
      </abstract>
      <abstract xml:lang="en">
        <p>The article is devoted to the most narrative side of modern petrography – the definition, classification and nomenclature of petrographic structures. We suggest a mathematical formalism using the theory of quadratic forms (with a promising extension to algebraic forms of the third and fourth orders) and statistics of binary (ternary and quaternary, respectively) intergranular contacts in a polymineralic rock. It allows constructing a complete classification of petrographic structures with boundaries corresponding to Hardy – Weinberg equilibria. The algebraic expression of the petrographic structure is the canonical diagonal form of the symmetric probability matrix of binary intergranular contacts in the rock. Each petrographic structure is uniquely associated with a structural indicatrix – the central quadratic surface in n-dimensional space, where n is the number of minerals composing the rock. Structural indicatrix is an analogue of the conoscopic figure used for optical recognition of minerals. We show that the continuity of changes in the organization of rocks (i.e., the probabilities of various intergranular contacts) does not contradict a dramatic change in the structure of the rocks, neighboring within the classification. This solved the problem, which seemed insoluble to A.Harker and E.S.Fedorov. The technique was used to describe the granite structures of the Salminsky pluton (Karelia) and the Akzhailau massif (Kazakhstan) and is potentially applicable for the monotonous strata differentiation, section correlation, or wherever an unambiguous, reproducible determination of petrographic structures is needed. An important promising task of the method is to extract rocks' genetic information from the obtained data.</p>
      </abstract>
      <kwd-group xml:lang="ru">
        <title>Ключевые слова</title>
        <kwd>горная порода</kwd>
        <kwd>петрографическая структура</kwd>
        <kwd>квадратичная форма</kwd>
        <kwd>структурная индикатриса</kwd>
        <kwd>классификация</kwd>
        <kwd>номенклатура</kwd>
      </kwd-group>
      <kwd-group xml:lang="en">
        <title>Keywords</title>
        <kwd>rock</kwd>
        <kwd>petrographic structure</kwd>
        <kwd>quadratic form</kwd>
        <kwd>structural indicatrix</kwd>
        <kwd>classification</kwd>
        <kwd>nomenclature</kwd>
      </kwd-group>
    </article-meta>
  </front>
  <body/>
  <back>
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</article>
