2411-3336 2541-9404 Записки Горного института Journal of Mining Institute Санкт-Петербургский горный университет императрицы Екатерины ΙΙ Empress Catherine II Saint Petersburg Mining University 10.31897/PMI.2021.4.2 pmi-13400 https://pmi.spmi.ru/pmi/article/view/13400 Геология Geology On the applicability of electromagnetic monitoring of hydraulic fracturing О применимости способа электромагнитного мониторинга гидроразрыва пласта Grigorev Gleb S. Григорьев Г. С. Grigorev Gleb S. grigorev.gs@gazpromneft-ntc.ru ПАО «Газпром нефть» (Россия) PJSC “Gazprom Neft” (Russia) Salishchev Mikhail V. Салищев М. В. Salishchev Mikhail V. salishchev.mv@gazpromneft-ntc.ru Volga Gas plc. (Россия) Volga Gas plc. (Russia) Senchina Natalia P. Сенчина Н. П. Senchina Natalia P. senchina_np@pers.spmi.ru Санкт-Петербургский горный университет (Россия, Россия) Saint Petersburg Mining University (Russia) 21 10 2021 2021 250 492 500 28 05 2020 27 07 2021 21 10 2021 © Gleb S. Grigorev, Mikhail V. Salishchev, Natalia P. Senchina 2021 Г. С. Григорьев, М. В. Салищев, Н. П. Сенчина Gleb S. Grigorev, Mikhail V. Salishchev, Natalia P. Senchina CC BY 4.0 https://pmi.spmi.ru/pmi/article/view/13400

Цель работы заключается в оценке возможностей электромагнитного мониторинга развития системы трещин, вызванных гидроразрывом пласта (ГРП), при определенном положении контролируемого источника. В качестве наиболее перспективной схемы мониторинга выбран вариант с расположением источника (вертикального электрического диполя) в интервале нефтеносного пласта и наблюдениями на земной поверхности. Построена эквивалентная системе трещин ГРП геоэлектрическая модель, которая была поделена на 11 зон, отвечающих стадиям ГРП. Для выбранной модели было проведено математическое моделирование путем решения прямой задачи с учетом влияния стальной обсадной колонны, наличие которой снизило эффект. Но несмотря на данный факт, сильного искажения аномалии электромагнитного поля над зоной ГРП не наблюдается. Анализ результатов моделирования на разных стадиях ГРП показал, что по мере появления новых трещин ГРП и заполнения их электропроводящим проппантом суммарный эффект возрастает. Данные об аномалии электрического поля показали максимальное отклонение от фонового значения более чем на 2 %. При достаточной электропроводности исследуемого объекта магнитное поле тоже становится информативным.

The purpose of this work is to assess the possibilities of using electromagnetic monitoring to study the development of a fracture system generated by hydraulic fracturing (HF) with a specified position of the controlled source. The option with the source (a vertical electric dipole) located in the interval of the oil-bearing formation and ground-based measurements was chosen as the most promising monitoring plan. We have built a geoelectric model equivalent to the system of hydraulic fractures, divided into 11 zones corresponding to HF stages. For the selected model, mathematical simulation was performed by solving the direct problem considering the impact of the steel casing, the presence of which reduced the effect. Despite this fact, no strong distortion of electromagnetic field anomaly was observed above the HF zone. Analysis of the simulation results at different HF stages showed that as new hydraulic fractures appeared and were filled with electrically conductive proppant, the total effect increased. The data on electric field anomaly demonstrated maximum deviation from the background level of more than 2 %. Provided that the studied formation is characterized by sufficient electrical conductivity, its magnetic field also becomes informative.

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