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  <front>
    <journal-meta>
      <journal-id journal-id-type="issn">2411-3336</journal-id>
      <journal-id journal-id-type="eissn">2541-9404</journal-id>
      <journal-title-group>
        <journal-title xml:lang="ru">Записки Горного института</journal-title>
        <journal-title xml:lang="en">Journal of Mining Institute</journal-title>
      </journal-title-group>
      <publisher>
        <publisher-name xml:lang="ru">Санкт-Петербургский горный университет императрицы Екатерины ΙΙ</publisher-name>
        <publisher-name xml:lang="en">Empress Catherine II Saint Petersburg Mining University</publisher-name>
      </publisher>
    </journal-meta>
    <article-meta>
      <article-id pub-id-type="doi">10.31897/pmi.2019.6.613</article-id>
      <article-id custom-type="pmi" pub-id-type="custom">pmi-13256</article-id>
      <article-id pub-id-type="uri">https://pmi.spmi.ru/pmi/article/view/13256</article-id>
      <article-categories>
        <subj-group subj-group-type="section-heading" xml:lang="ru">
          <subject>Горное дело</subject>
        </subj-group>
        <subj-group subj-group-type="section-heading" xml:lang="en">
          <subject>Mining</subject>
        </subj-group>
      </article-categories>
      <title-group>
        <article-title xml:lang="en">On flood protection measures for potash mines</article-title>
        <trans-title-group xml:lang="ru">
          <trans-title>О мерах охраны калийных рудников от затопления</trans-title>
        </trans-title-group>
      </title-group>
      <contrib-group>
        <contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes">
          <name name-style="eastern">
            <surname>Baryakh</surname>
            <given-names>A. A.</given-names>
          </name>
          <name-alternatives>
            <name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru">
              <surname>Барях</surname>
              <given-names>А. А.</given-names>
            </name>
            <name name-style="western" xml:lang="en">
              <surname>Baryakh</surname>
              <given-names>A. A.</given-names>
            </name>
          </name-alternatives>
          <email>bar@mi-perm.ru</email>
          <xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff1"/>
        </contrib>
        <aff-alternatives id="aff1">
          <aff>
            <institution xml:lang="ru">Пермский федеральный исследовательский центр Уральского отделения РАН (Россия)</institution>
          </aff>
          <aff>
            <institution xml:lang="en">Perm Federal Research Center of Ural Branch of Russian Academy of Science (Russia)</institution>
          </aff>
        </aff-alternatives>
        <contrib contrib-type="author">
          <name name-style="eastern">
            <surname>Gubanova</surname>
            <given-names>E. A.</given-names>
          </name>
          <name-alternatives>
            <name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru">
              <surname>Губанова</surname>
              <given-names>Е. А.</given-names>
            </name>
            <name name-style="western" xml:lang="en">
              <surname>Gubanova</surname>
              <given-names>E. A.</given-names>
            </name>
          </name-alternatives>
          <email>Elena.T@mi-perm.ru</email>
          <xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff2"/>
        </contrib>
        <aff-alternatives id="aff2">
          <aff>
            <institution xml:lang="ru">Горный институт Уральского отделения РАН (Россия)</institution>
          </aff>
          <aff>
            <institution xml:lang="en">Mining Institute of the Ural Branch Russian Academy of Sciences (Russia)</institution>
          </aff>
        </aff-alternatives>
      </contrib-group>
      <pub-date pub-type="epub" iso-8601-date="2019-12-24">
        <day>24</day>
        <month>12</month>
        <year>2019</year>
      </pub-date>
      <pub-date date-type="collection">
        <year>2019</year>
      </pub-date>
      <volume>240</volume>
      <fpage>613</fpage>
      <lpage>620</lpage>
      <history>
        <date date-type="received" iso-8601-date="2019-07-17">
          <day>17</day>
          <month>07</month>
          <year>2019</year>
        </date>
        <date date-type="accepted" iso-8601-date="2019-09-04">
          <day>04</day>
          <month>09</month>
          <year>2019</year>
        </date>
        <date date-type="rev-recd" iso-8601-date="2019-12-24">
          <day>24</day>
          <month>12</month>
          <year>2019</year>
        </date>
      </history>
      <permissions>
        <copyright-statement xml:lang="ru">© 2019 А. А. Барях, Е. А. Губанова</copyright-statement>
        <copyright-statement xml:lang="en">© 2019 A. A. Baryakh, E. A. Gubanova</copyright-statement>
        <copyright-year>2019</copyright-year>
        <copyright-holder xml:lang="ru">А. А. Барях, Е. А. Губанова</copyright-holder>
        <copyright-holder xml:lang="en">A. A. Baryakh, E. A. Gubanova</copyright-holder>
        <license license-type="open-access" xlink:href="http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0" xml:lang="ru">
          <license-p>Эта статья доступна по лицензии Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International (CC BY 4.0)</license-p>
        </license>
        <license license-type="open-access" xlink:href="http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0" xml:lang="en">
          <license-p>This article is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License (CC BY 4.0)</license-p>
        </license>
      </permissions>
      <self-uri xlink:type="simple" xlink:href="https://pmi.spmi.ru/pmi/article/view/13256">https://pmi.spmi.ru/pmi/article/view/13256</self-uri>
      <abstract xml:lang="ru">
        <p>Разработка месторождений водорастворимых руд связана с необходимостью обеспечения сохранности водозащитной толщи (ВЗТ), отделяющей водоносные горизонты от выработанного пространства рудника. Одним из индикаторов уровня техногенной нагрузки на пласты ВЗТ являются оседания земной поверхности, определяющие характер формирования мульды сдвижения земной поверхности. Наибольшую опасность нарушения сплошности водозащитной толщи составляют участки, расположенные в краевых частях мульды сдвижения. Применительно к условиям Верхнекамского месторождения калийно-магниевых солей методами математического моделирования показано, что в качестве индикаторов опасности сквозного разрушения водозащитной толщи могут быть приняты следующие параметры мульды сдвижения: длина краевой части, нормированная на глубину горных работ, и максимальные оседания земной поверхности. Критическое сочетание этих показателей обуславливает нарушение сплошности краевой части водозащитной толщи. Данные параметры мульды сдвижения легко контролируются инструментальными методами и могут быть включены в основу общей системы мониторинга состояния водозащитной толщи на калийных рудниках. В целях обеспечения защиты рудника от прорыва пресных вод необходимым является создание в краевых частях выработанного пространства у постоянно или временно остановленных границ горных работ зон смягчения. Рассмотрены различные варианты формирования зон смягчения. Численными экспериментами установлено, что наиболее эффективным способом обеспечения сохранности водозащитной толщи является создание зон смягчения путем закладки очистных камер нижнего отрабатываемого пласта или исключением его из отработки.</p>
      </abstract>
      <abstract xml:lang="en">
        <p>Development of water-soluble ore deposits is associated with the necessity to preserve water blocking strata (WBS), which separate aquifers from the mine gob. One indicator of the rate of man-induced load on WBS layers is subsidence of the earth surface, which defines the character of shift trough formation of the earth surface. The greatest threat of WBS discontinuity is posed by the areas located at the edges of a shift trough. From the perspective of Upper Kama deposit of potassium and magnesium salts, by means of mathematical modelling methods authors demonstrated that in the capacity of threat indicators of WBS hole destruction it is possible to use the following parameters of a shift trough: edge length scaled to the depth of mining operations and maximum subsidence of the earth surface. Critical combination of these factors is responsible for the discontinuity at the edges of water blocking strata. These parameters of a shift trough can easily be controlled by instrumental procedures and can be included in the basics of a general monitoring system of WBS state at potash mines. In order to protect the mine from the inrush of fresh water, it is necessary to form softening zones at the edges of mined-out areas near permanent or temporary borders of mining operations. Authors review different options of softening zone formation. Numerical tests have demonstrated that the most efficient way to protect water blocking strata is the formation of softening zones by means of backfilling the stopes of the workable seam or its exclusion from mining operations.</p>
      </abstract>
      <kwd-group xml:lang="ru">
        <title>Ключевые слова</title>
        <kwd>математическое моделирование</kwd>
        <kwd>разрушение</kwd>
        <kwd>водозащитная толща</kwd>
        <kwd>мульда сдвижения</kwd>
        <kwd>оседания</kwd>
        <kwd>зона смягчения</kwd>
      </kwd-group>
      <kwd-group xml:lang="en">
        <title>Keywords</title>
        <kwd>mathematical modelling</kwd>
        <kwd>destruction</kwd>
        <kwd>water blockingstrata</kwd>
        <kwd>shift trough</kwd>
        <kwd>subsidence</kwd>
        <kwd>softening zone</kwd>
      </kwd-group>
    </article-meta>
  </front>
  <body/>
  <back>
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