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  <front>
    <journal-meta>
      <journal-id journal-id-type="issn">2411-3336</journal-id>
      <journal-id journal-id-type="eissn">2541-9404</journal-id>
      <journal-title-group>
        <journal-title xml:lang="ru">Записки Горного института</journal-title>
        <journal-title xml:lang="en">Journal of Mining Institute</journal-title>
      </journal-title-group>
      <publisher>
        <publisher-name xml:lang="ru">Санкт-Петербургский горный университет императрицы Екатерины ΙΙ</publisher-name>
        <publisher-name xml:lang="en">Empress Catherine II Saint Petersburg Mining University</publisher-name>
      </publisher>
    </journal-meta>
    <article-meta>
      <article-id pub-id-type="doi">10.31897/pmi.2019.4.383</article-id>
      <article-id custom-type="pmi" pub-id-type="custom">pmi-13211</article-id>
      <article-id pub-id-type="uri">https://pmi.spmi.ru/pmi/article/view/13211</article-id>
      <article-categories>
        <subj-group subj-group-type="section-heading" xml:lang="ru">
          <subject>Горное дело</subject>
        </subj-group>
        <subj-group subj-group-type="section-heading" xml:lang="en">
          <subject>Mining</subject>
        </subj-group>
      </article-categories>
      <title-group>
        <article-title xml:lang="en">Manifestations of Acoustic Emission in Frozen Soils with Simultaneous Influence of Variable Mechanical and Thermal Effects on Them</article-title>
        <trans-title-group xml:lang="ru">
          <trans-title>Проявления акустической эмиссии в мерзлых грунтах при одновременном влиянии на них переменных механических и термических воздействий</trans-title>
        </trans-title-group>
      </title-group>
      <contrib-group>
        <contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes">
          <name name-style="eastern">
            <surname>Novikov</surname>
            <given-names>E. A.</given-names>
          </name>
          <name-alternatives>
            <name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru">
              <surname>Новиков</surname>
              <given-names>Е. А.</given-names>
            </name>
            <name name-style="western" xml:lang="en">
              <surname>Novikov</surname>
              <given-names>E. A.</given-names>
            </name>
          </name-alternatives>
          <email>e.novikov@misis.ru</email>
          <contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">0000-0002-6997-1097</contrib-id>
          <xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff1"/>
        </contrib>
        <aff-alternatives id="aff1">
          <aff>
            <institution xml:lang="ru">Национальный исследовательский технологический университет «МИСиС» (Россия)</institution>
          </aff>
          <aff>
            <institution xml:lang="en">National University of Science and Technology «MISiS» (Russia)</institution>
          </aff>
        </aff-alternatives>
        <contrib contrib-type="author">
          <name name-style="eastern">
            <surname>Shkuratnik</surname>
            <given-names>V. I.</given-names>
          </name>
          <name-alternatives>
            <name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru">
              <surname>Шкуратник</surname>
              <given-names>В. Л.</given-names>
            </name>
            <name name-style="western" xml:lang="en">
              <surname>Shkuratnik</surname>
              <given-names>V. I.</given-names>
            </name>
          </name-alternatives>
          <email>Shkuratnik@mail.ru</email>
          <xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff2"/>
        </contrib>
        <aff-alternatives id="aff2">
          <aff>
            <institution xml:lang="ru">Национальный исследовательский технологический университет «МИСиС» (Россия)</institution>
          </aff>
          <aff>
            <institution xml:lang="en">National University of Science and Technology «MISiS» (Russia)</institution>
          </aff>
        </aff-alternatives>
        <contrib contrib-type="author">
          <name name-style="eastern">
            <surname>Zaytsev</surname>
            <given-names>M. G.</given-names>
          </name>
          <name-alternatives>
            <name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru">
              <surname>Зайцев</surname>
              <given-names>М. Г.</given-names>
            </name>
            <name name-style="western" xml:lang="en">
              <surname>Zaytsev</surname>
              <given-names>M. G.</given-names>
            </name>
          </name-alternatives>
          <email>ftkp@mail.ru</email>
          <xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff3"/>
        </contrib>
        <aff-alternatives id="aff3">
          <aff>
            <institution xml:lang="ru">Национальный исследовательский технологический университет «МИСиС» (Россия)</institution>
          </aff>
          <aff>
            <institution xml:lang="en">National University of Science and Technology «MISiS» (Russia)</institution>
          </aff>
        </aff-alternatives>
      </contrib-group>
      <pub-date pub-type="epub" iso-8601-date="2019-08-23">
        <day>23</day>
        <month>08</month>
        <year>2019</year>
      </pub-date>
      <pub-date date-type="collection">
        <year>2019</year>
      </pub-date>
      <volume>238</volume>
      <fpage>383</fpage>
      <lpage>391</lpage>
      <history>
        <date date-type="received" iso-8601-date="2019-03-17">
          <day>17</day>
          <month>03</month>
          <year>2019</year>
        </date>
        <date date-type="accepted" iso-8601-date="2019-05-13">
          <day>13</day>
          <month>05</month>
          <year>2019</year>
        </date>
        <date date-type="rev-recd" iso-8601-date="2019-08-23">
          <day>23</day>
          <month>08</month>
          <year>2019</year>
        </date>
      </history>
      <permissions>
        <copyright-statement>© E. A. Novikov, V. I. Shkuratnik, M. G. Zaytsev</copyright-statement>
        <copyright-year>2019</copyright-year>
        <copyright-holder xml:lang="ru">Е. А. Новиков, В. Л. Шкуратник, М. Г. Зайцев</copyright-holder>
        <copyright-holder xml:lang="en">E. A. Novikov, V. I. Shkuratnik, M. G. Zaytsev</copyright-holder>
        <license xlink:href="http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0">
          <license-p>CC BY 4.0</license-p>
        </license>
      </permissions>
      <self-uri xlink:type="simple" xlink:href="https://pmi.spmi.ru/pmi/article/view/13211">https://pmi.spmi.ru/pmi/article/view/13211</self-uri>
      <abstract xml:lang="ru">
        <p>Предметом исследования является установление фундаментальных закономерностей акустической эмиссии в мерзлых грунтах, позволяющих создать способы контроля (мониторинга) их устойчивости под действием переменных температурных полей и квазистатических механических нагрузок от расположенных на этих основаниях инженерных объектов различного назначения. Прикладная значимость таких способов – повышение скорости и снижение трудоемкости инженерно-геологических изысканий в северных регионах России, осуществляемых с целью прогноза потери устойчивости оснований зданий и сооружений для обеспечения их безопасной эксплуатации. Исследование выполнено на оригинальном аппаратурном комплексе. Дано его описание и приведены характеристики. С использованием этого комплекса изучены термоакустоэмиссионные эффекты, возникающие при многократном чередовании циклов заморозки и оттаивания грунта в ходе развития его деформированного состояния, начиная с фазы нормального уплотнения и вплоть до финальной стадии разрушения (фазы выпирания). Показано, что на основе таких информативных параметров, как термически стимулированные активность и длительность импульсов акустической эмиссии, может быть получен показатель, количественно характеризующий стадии напряженно-деформированного состояния грунтов. Приведена экспериментальная зависимость поля значений этого показателя в функции от механической нагрузки и фракционного состава испытуемого грунта. Показана качественная сходимость указанной зависимости с классической диаграммой деформирования грунтов, полученной Н.М.Герсевановым, на которой выделяются стадии уплотнения, потери устойчивости (сдвигов) и разрушения. Рассмотрены и обоснованы возможные физические механизмы и особенности формирования акустико-эмиссионного отклика на каждой из указанных стадий. Отмечено, что обоснованные в рамках проведенного исследования подходы к получению, обработке и интерпретации акустико-эмиссионной измерительной информации позволяют осуществлять контроль и мониторинг несущей способности и напряженно-деформированного состояния грунтов непосредственно в полевых условиях.</p>
      </abstract>
      <abstract xml:lang="en">
        <p>The subject of the research is to establish the fundamental laws of acoustic emission in frozen soils, which allow to create ways to control (monitor) their stability under the influence of variable temperature fields and quasistatic mechanical stress from engineering objects located on these grounds for various purposes. The applied importance of such methods is to increase the speed and reduce the complexity of engineering geological surveys in the northern regions of Russia, carried out with the aim of predicting the loss of stability of the bases of buildings and structures to ensure their safe operation. The study was performed on the original instrumental complex. Its description and characteristics are given. With the use of this complex, thermoacoustic emission effects arising from the repeated alternation of freezing and thawing cycles of the soil during the development of its deformed state, starting from the normal compaction phase and up to the final stage of destruction (the bulging phase), have been studied. It is shown that on the basis of such informative parameters as thermally stimulated activity and duration of acoustic emission pulses, an indicator can be obtained that quantitatively characterizes the stages of the stress-strain state of soils. An experimental dependence of the field of values of this indicator as a function of the mechanical stress and the fractional composition of the test soil is given. The qualitative convergence of this dependence with the classical soil deformation diagram obtained by N.M.Hersevanov is shown, where the stages of compaction, loss of stability (shifts) and destruction are highlighted. Possible physical mechanisms and features of the formation of an acoustic emission response at each of these stages are considered and substantiated. It is noted that the approaches to receiving, processing and interpreting acoustic emission measurement information, which are grounded within the framework of the study, allow to control and monitoring of the carrying capacity and stress-strain state of soils directly in the field.</p>
      </abstract>
      <kwd-group xml:lang="ru">
        <title>Ключевые слова</title>
        <kwd>мерзлые и талые грунты</kwd>
        <kwd>несущая способность</kwd>
        <kwd>напряженное состояние</kwd>
        <kwd>термомеханическое нагружение</kwd>
        <kwd>акустическая эмиссия</kwd>
        <kwd>закономерности</kwd>
        <kwd>эксперимент</kwd>
      </kwd-group>
      <kwd-group xml:lang="en">
        <title>Keywords</title>
        <kwd>frozen and thawed soils</kwd>
        <kwd>stress bearing capacity</kwd>
        <kwd>stress state</kwd>
        <kwd>thermomechanical stressing</kwd>
        <kwd>acoustic emission</kwd>
        <kwd>regularities</kwd>
        <kwd>experiment</kwd>
      </kwd-group>
    </article-meta>
  </front>
  <body/>
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