There are the results of a study of the factors determining the formation and changes in the filtration properties of a heap leaching stack formed from pelletized poor sandy-clay ores. An analysis of methods of investigation of filtration properties of ore material for different stages of heap leaching plots functioning is carried out. Influence of segregation process during stack dumping on formation of zones with very different permeability parameters of ore has been established by experimental and filtration works. The construction and application of a numerical model of filtration processes in pelletized ores based on laboratory experiments is shown. By means of solution percolation simulation at different irrigation intensities the justification of optimal stack parameters is provided in terms of the geomechanical stability and prevention of solution level rise above the drainage layer.
Проблемы рекультивации земель, нарушенных в результате разработки месторождений полезных ископаемых, занимают приоритетное положение в современных исследованиях по рациональному использованию природных ресурсов. Рассмотрен подход к решению данной проблемы с позиции инженерной геологии.
Новая инновационная программа Горного института предусматривает организацию круглогодично действующего полигона в пос.Кавголово Ленинградской области. На нем планируется строительство новых корпусов для обучения и проживания студентов. Для осуществления строительства проведены исследования силами сотрудников кафедры гидрогеологии и инженерной геологии СПГГИ (ТУ) совместно с изыскательской организацией «СУ-299». На основании анализа архивных и литературных источников и результатов изысканий оценены инженерно-геологические условия и гидрогеологическое строение полигона, получены показатели физико-механических свойств песчано-глинистых пород основания проектируемых зданий. Материалы будут использованы при проведении учебной практики со студентами специальности «Поиски и разведка подземных вод и инженерно-геологические изыскания».
Engineering geology in its development has always taken into account the requirements of construction and mining works. In the present period, especially difficult, heavy tasks of mining production are connected with reclamation of lands disturbed by mining operations. An important aspect of reclamation of territories disturbed by open-pit mining operations is to ensure stability during reclamation and subsequent use of open-pit excavations. Reliability of geomechanical calculations depends on the quality of engineering and geological information. Incomplete information or lack of it sharply reduces the effectiveness of measures aimed at eliminating the harmful effects of mining operations.
The problem of formation of a scientific view of the world is analyzed. Based on the importance of science in the life of every person, the relevance of this problem for modern society is revealed. On the example of geology, it is shown that the facts and laws established at present, which form modern ideas about the processes that determine the origin and development of the Earth, its structure and composition, including the external spheres of the Earth (atmosphere, hydrosphere and biosphere), are indeed an integral part of the scientific picture of the world.
The relationship between the needs of human society and the development of applied geological research is shown. The ecological aspect of the development of geological sciences nowadays is emphasized. The human factor in the emergence of dangerous geological processes is assessed. Examples of interaction between human activity and the environment are given.
The role and types of engineering and geological research for quality reclamation work on land disturbed by field development are reviewed.
Engineering and geological surveys were carried out on the slopes of the Slavyanka river valley as part of the reconstruction of the Pavlovsk state museum-reserve. The purpose of the works was to detect areas of gravitation processes, determine their extent and the degree of threat to the historical appearance of the park territory and architectural monuments. Peculiarities of the geological structure, terrain landscape and man-made influence predetermined the development on the slopes of the Slavyanka River of such gravitational processes as talus, mudslides, landslides, and, most likely, processes of surface and secular creep in the Cambrian clays. With further development, the gravitational slope processes on the territory of the park and in the immediate vicinity of the monuments can radically change the appearance of the park area and create a threat to the stability of many park structures.
